AUTOMOBILE  TOURIST  CAMPING  GROUNDS 


BY 


CALVERT  SWING  WINSBOROUGH 


THESIS 


FOR  THE 

DEGREE  OF  BACHELOR  OF  SCIENCE 


IN 


LANDSCAPE  GARDENING 


COLLEGE  OF  AGRICULTURE 
UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 


1922 


AUTOMOBILE  TOURIST  CAMPING  GROUNDS 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2015 


https://archive.org/details/automobiletourisOOwins 


TABLE  OP  CONTENTS 


I 

Introduction  page  1. 

Location  of  camp  site . page  8. 

Size  of  camp  site ...page  11. 

Development  of  camp. page  14. 

Drives page  14. 

Lot  spaces page  16. 

Camp  structures page  17. 

Entrance  gate  house page  17. 

Checker page  18. 

Main  lodge page  18. 

Oarage  and  tool  house.. page  El. 

Croup  fireplaces page  El. 

Water,  light  and  drainage. page  EE. 

Planting.... page  EE. 

Supervision ...page  E5. 

Expense  page  E4  • 

II 

AKTICLES 

The  New  Hospitality page  E7. 

Tenting  On  The  New  Camp  Ground ....page  59. 

Motor  Tourist  Camp  Has  All  Conveniences page  44. 


Automobile  Camp  Site  And  The  Gypsy  Motorist, ..... .page  48. 

Nomads  of  the  Automobile page  55. 

Gypsying  De  Luxe page  63. 

Ill 

Index  To  Camp  Sites page  69. 

IV 

Bibliography .page  88. 

V 

Plans page  90. 


AUTOMOBILE  TOURIST  CAMPING  GROUNDS 


The  automobile  tourist  camping  ground  is  an  enterprise 
which  has  arisen  just  recently.  It  has  been  brought  about 
mainly  by  two  things;  first,  the  rapid  perfection  of  the 
automobile  and,  second,  the  improvement  of  state  and  inter- 
state roads. 

The  perfection  of  the  motor  car  has  been  so  great  that  it 
has  enabled  the  manufacturers  to  place  on  the  market  numerous 
types  of  oars,  with  at  least  one  type  which  is  within  the 
means  of  nearly  every  family. 

The  rapidly  increasing  interest  in  hard  roads  is  perhaps 
just  as  great  a factor  in  determining  the  number  of  tourists. 
The  completion  of  great  concrete  and  brick  arteries  which 
stretch  from  coast  to  coast  and  from  Canada  to  the  Gulf  have 
greatly  lessened  the  trials  and  tribulations  of  the  tourist 
and  made  touring  somewhat  of  a mania  with  us.  It  is  no  wonder 
that  we  are  considered  the  greatest  touring  population  on  the 
earth. 

Because  of  the  great  improvement  in  the  automobile  and 
increased  cross-country  travel  the  question  of  a safe,  cheap, 
comfortable  and  convenient  place  to  stop  over  has  arisen.  To 
fulfill  this  need  the  automobile  tourist  camping  ground  has 
come  into  existence.  For  some  years  communities  have  set  ¥ 
aside  places  where  the  tourist  was  allowed  to  pitch  his  tent 
and  trust  to  his  own  ingenuity  for  his  health  and  comfort, 


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there  being  no  facilities  for  heat,  light,  water,  drainage  or 
protection  against  the  ravages  of  the  elements  furnished  by 
the  community.  Not  until  recently  have  communities  realized 
the  benefits  to  be  derived  from  an  easily  accessible,  healthy 
and  attractive  camp  ground.  Denver,  Colorado,  was  the  first 
to  provide  a free  tourist  camp.  Since  the  establishment  of  its 
first  camp  in  about  1915,  the  site  has  been  moved  three  times. 
Now  it  is  located  in  Overland  Park,  one  of  the  finest  parks  of 
the  city. 

It  being  the  first  and  thereby  having  the  longest  time  to 
develop  is  now  the  largest  and  finest  camp  ground  in  the  United 
States.  Its  position  as  the  largest  in  the  country  is 
jeopardized  only  by  the  camp  at  Los  Angeles. 

Although  this  is  a relatively  new  idea,  the  scope  of  its 
interest  is  the  entire  United  States.  Every  state  has 
numerous  camps  and  I have  authentic  records  of  155  in 
California  alone.  The  majority  of  the  camps  at  present  are  to 
be  found  in  the  Western  states.  However,  I predict  that  in  the 
near  future,  because  of  the  acquisition  of  tracts  of  land  by 
the  Eastern  states  for  the  purpose  of  reforestation,  and  the 
availability  of  camp  sites  through  this  means,  that  the  time 
will  not  be  long  before  camps  in  the  East  will  be  as  numerous 
as  they  are  today  in  the  West. 

During  the  next  decade  there  will  be  such  an  improvement 
of  highways  all  over  the  United  States  that  each  of  the  States 
will  be  the  yearly  mecca  for  tens  of  thousands  of  touring 
parties. 


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Already  a large  part  of  America  is  en  route  each  season 
for  motor  trips  of  greater  or  less  extent,  but  the  condition 
of  the  roads  sets  a limit  to  where  the  auto  can  go  and  the 
touring  shall  take  place,  except  in  the  case  of  the  more 
venturesome  spirits*  Even  these,  moreover,  must  be  well 
supplied  with  the  means,  muscular  and  mechanical,  for  meeting 
the  exigencies  of  a day’s  driving  in  a region  of  poor  roads  or 
no  roads  at  all. 

One’s  muscles  and  the  inventive  genius  of  man  in  the 
fashioning  of  pulleys  and  other  handy  devices  sometimes  do  not 
suffice.  The  help  of  the  patient  mule  and  the  lowing  ox  and 
the  kindly  but  shrewd  and  acquisitive  husbandman  must  be 
summoned  in  situations  of  extremity. 

But  do  we  not  know  that  there  is  a better  day  coming? 

Indeed  we  do.’  And  that  is  the  reason  we  are  bearing,  as 
cheerfully  as  our  temperaments  and  self-control  will  permit, 
the  hardships  of  the  present,  when  we  tempt  fate  by  getting 
off  the  improved  stretches  of  highway. 

Still,  we  are  adventurous  in  disposition  and  it  is  more 
than  likely  that  there  lurks  within  us  the  desire  to  take 
chances  in  these  matters.  Otherwise  we  should  hardly  be 
worthy  sons  and  daughters  of  those  who  came  across  the  sea  to 
found  this  happy  land  where  the  Stars  and  Stripes  are  ever 
waving. 

There  are  beginning  to  be  mitigating  circumstances  to  the 
act  of  promiscuous  touring,  however,  and  those  who  prefer  the 
trails  to  the  less  numerous  and  shorter  roads  are  telling  about 


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additional  joys  discovered  while  roaming  around  the  country 
getting  acquainted  with  our  Uncle’s  wide  domain  and  the  men, 
women  and  children  who  inhabit  it. 

The  benefit  to  be  derived  from  good  roads  may  be  shown  by 
briefly  relating  the  experience  of  Mason  City,  Iowa.  Long 
stretches  of  pavement  in  the  vicinity  of  Mason  City  and  the 
assurance  of  hundreds  of  miles  of  permanent  road  in  the  more 
distant  approaches  are  already  bringing  good  things  to  this 
town.  A concrete  and  steel  hotel,  with  several  hundred  rooms 
and  the  most  modern  service,  is  under  construction  to  care  for 
the  inevitable  tide  of  tourists,  and  permanent  buildings  have 
been  erected  for  the  comfort  and  health  of  campers  in  the 
grounds  set  aside  for  their  use  in  the  best  of  the  parks. 

Camping  places  of  such  sort  are  now  to  be  found  in  many 
of  the  towns  and  cities  in  the  middle  West  and  the  far  West, 
and  the  observation  and  use  of  some  of  them  by  some  Mason 
City  men  was  the  beginning  of  the  movement  for  adequate  and, 
indeed,  elaborate  preparations  for  the  camping  tourist 
parties  in  their  home  town. 

Cooking  and  shelter  and  comfort  stations  and  bath  houses 
have  been  erected  of  tile,  with  cement  dash  finish,  and  nearly 
all  the  work  as  well  as  the  material  was  donated  by  manu- 
facturers, contractors  and  workmen.  Not  the  least  interesting 
fact  of  the  record  in  this  case  is  that  the  plumbers ’ union 
installed  the  plumbing  free  of  charge,  not  even  asking  pay  for 
the  time  spent  in  coming  to  the  job  from  the  shop,  or  in  going 
from  the  job  to  the  shop  after  forgotten  tools.  Thus  we  see 


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that  camping  grounds  will  follow  in  the  wake  of  good  roads. 

In  each  community  there  will  be  found  some  people  who  will 
consider  a free  camp  as  a liability.  This  is  an  entirely  er- 
roneous idea.  A tourist  camp  with  all  of  the  conveniences 
necessary  for  comfort  is  a decided  asset  to  the  community. 

Good  business  men  know  this  and  upon  investigation  it  will  be 
found  that  all  of  the  material  and  equipment  necessary  to  build 
the  camp  will  be  furnished  at  cost  if  not  donated.  Even  the 
cost  of  labor  will  be  minimized. 

During  the  five  months  of  June,  July,  August,  September 
and  October  of  19  £0,  approximately  18000  tourists  stopped  at 
the  auto  camp  established  last  spring  by  the  Missoula  Chamber 
of  Commerce  at  Missoula  in  Western  Montana.  Consensus  of 
opinion  among  authorities  is  that  tourists  spend  an  average  of 
f>5.00  per  day  per  person.  Therefore,  it  is  estimated  that  these 
18,000  tourists  spent  at  least  $90,000,  or  almost  $100,000  in 
Missoula  and  vicinity  during  the  last  touring  season.  During 
August  one  of  Missoula's  leading  bankers  estimated  that  travel- 
ers' checks  to  the  amount  of  $1000  were  handled  daily  in  the 
business  district. 

Missoula  is  located  at  one  of  the  few  favorable  passes 
from  the  Mississippi  to  the  Pacific  slopes  in  the  Montana 
Rockies.  Consequently,  the  bulk  of  east  and  west  bound  travel 
passes  through  Missoula  over  the  Rational  Parks  Highway,  the 
Yellowstone  Trail  and  a number  of  other  highways  that  claim  a 
common  route  in  this  region.  More  and  more  travel  between 
Glacier  and  Yellowstone  National  Parks  is  passing  over  the 


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scenic  Western  Montana  route  via  Missoula,  in  itself  a 
veritable  park  wonderland  trip* 

But  it  was  not  until  last  summer  that  Missoula  through 
its  Chamber  of  Commerce  took  real  action  to  make  Missoula  a 
stopping  place  for  the  tourist  autocade.  How  happy  have  been 
the  results  from  the  establishment  of  the  new  auto  park  may 
be  deduced  from  the  facts  stated  just  above. 

The  Missoula  Chamber  of  Commerce  assumed  the  entire 
burden  by  arranging  for  the  purchase,  development  and 
maintenance  of  an  auto  park  of  approximately  twelve  acres  at 
the  north-eastern  corner  of  the  city,  frees  and  green  things 

and  a mountain  stream all  protected  by  a sheltering 

mountain,  produce  an  atmosphere  of  cool  restfulness  that  the 
tourists  have  found  most  attractive. 

Plenty  of  camping  ground  has  been  provided,  roads  have 
been  constructed,  tables,  benches,  concrete  ovens  and  sanitary 
conveniences  installed,  city  water  piped  into  the  grounds  and 
free  fuel  put  at  the  disposal  of  the  auto  campers. 

One  night  last  August  there  were  101  cars  and  over  350 
people  in  the  park.  July  and  August  were  the  big  touring 
months.  According  to  the  records  of  the  caretaker,  during  the 
month  of  August  6,344  tourists  who  came  in  2,144  cars  stopped 
at  the  Missoula  auto  camp.  The  smallest  night  in  attendance  in 
August  was  57  people  in  19  cars.  For  noon  luncheon  during  the 
month  318  cars  visited  the  park.  During  the  nights  of  July 
there  were  1,463  cars  in  the  auto  camp  and  230  stopped  for  noon 
luncheon,  or  a total  of  1,685  machines. 


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The  records  show  that  615  cars  and  2,445  people  visited 
the  park  in  June;  1,628  cars  and  6,240  people  in  July;  2,142 
cars  and  6,344  people  in  August;  917  cars  and  2,787  people  in 
September;  372  cars  and  1,113  people  in  October. 

Bring  this  subject  to  the  minds  of  any  progressive 
community  and  it  will  soon  be  the  possessor  of  a free  camp  for 
tourists,  which  will  many  times  pay  for  itself  in  increased 
business  and  the  nation  wide  advertising  which  that  community 
will  receive  from  all  tourists  who  visit  it. 

There  are  four  fundamental  features  of  a good  camp.  The 
correct  analysis  and  planning  of  these  features  determines 
absolutely  the  success  of  the  camp.  The  four  features  that  I 
will  discuss  are:  location,  size,  development  and  supervision 

and  the  relative  features  pertaining  to  each  of  these. 


LOCATION  OF  CAMP  SITE 


The  location  of  the  camp  is  of  prime  importance,  for  a 
camp  poorly  located  fails  utterly  to  perform  its  function  by 
its  uninviting  character  or  by  its  very  obscurity.  A good 
camp  should  bear  a close  relation  to  the  inter-state  highways, 
to  the  park  system  of  the  city  providing  it  and  to  the  main 
arteries  of  traffic  to  the  business  center.  It  is  not  always 
possible  to  place  a camp  at  a focal  point  of  these  three 
arteries.  But  if  it  is  possible  to  so  place  a camp  that  it 
will  be  a nucleus  from  which  these  highways  radiate  that  is 
the  ideal  location  so  far  as  access  is  concerned. 

The  camp  should  be  placed  on  or  near  the  inter-state 
highway  because  practically  all  of  the  visitors  will  be  people 
on  a long  tour  and  will  naturally  come  into  the  city  or  town 
on  this  highway.  By  so  placing  it  it  will  be  easily  found  and 
will  be  noticed  also  by  the  tourists  who  pass  through  the  town 
during  the  day  time,  thus  favorably  advertising  that  community, 
both  day  and  night  to  all  who  pass  it  by. 

The  camp  should  be  closely  related  to  the  park  and 
boulevard  system.  Many  tourists  will  want  to  'do  the  town'  and 
thus  homeseekers  may  become  permanent  citizens  of  the  community 
through  being  favorably  impressed  with  the  park  features  and  in 
turn  other  features  of  the  town.  This  type  of  tourist,  the 
home  hunter,  is  one  type  of  tourist  which  every  community 
should  do  its  utmost  to  please. 

The  ease  with  which  the  tourist  can  get  to  the  business 


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district  will  in  a great  degree  determine  whether  or  not  he 
does  his  shopping  in  that  community.  Bear  in  mind  that  among 
the  tourists  will  be  the  farmer  who  has  piled  his  family  and 
equipment  in  the  car  and  is  off  for  a few  weeks  to  rest  up  a 
bit  and  do  his  buying  for  the  winter.  This  form  of  buying  is 
far  more  satisfactory  than  the  old  mail  order  house  kind,  last 
summer  I fell  into  conversation  with  a farmer  who  was  driving  a 
dilapidated  old  Ford  and  during  the  conversation  I found  that 
he  had  spent  in  excess  of  |>1900  in  that  town  during  his  stay  of 
three  days.  So  make  the  camp  easy  to  reach  from  the  business 
district,  and  vice  versa,  and  the  increased  business  will  more 
than  pay  in  one  season  for  what  little  additional  expense  may 
be  incurred. 

But  there  are  other  features  which  also  determine  the 
location  of  the  camp.  The  camp  must  not  be  in  a too  thickly 
settled  residential  district,  for  the  appearance  of  the 
"automobile  nomad"  with  his  dirty  clothes  and  his  car,  nearly 
hidden  by  camping  paraphernalia  is  not  one  upon  which  the 
tired  business  man  may  restfully  look. 

The  next  feature  determining  the  location  of  the  camp  is 
the  topography  of  the  land.  First  of  all  the  land  should  be 
well-drained,  not  necessarily  high,  but  if  the  land  has  a good 
natural  drainage  the  expense  of  artificial  drainage  will  be 
saved.  If  the  land  is  sufficiently  high  there  will  be  many 
good  views  from  every  portion  of  it.  This  is  a feature  not  to 
be  neglected.  The  camp  should  preferably  be  located  in  an 
area  which  is  well  wooded  and  if  possible  has  some  natural  body 


, ' 

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of  water  in  it.  These  two  features  will  give  unbounded 
pleasure  and  comfort  to  the  tourists.  The  trees  will  protect 
the  campers  and  equipment  from  the  heat  of  the  midday  sun.  The 
water  with  the  various  activities  that  may  be  developed  such  as 
canoeing,  boating,  swimming,  and  fishing  affords  a fascination 
to  every  one  which  can  be  attained  by  no  other  means.  These 
things  determine  the  location  of  the  camp.  The  next  feature 
is  the  size  of  the  camp. 


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SIZE  OE  AUTO  TOURIST  CAMP I EG  SITE 

The  size  of  the  camp  is  dependent  upon  first,  the  ground 
obtainable  and  second,  the  number  of  tourists  requiring 
accommodations.  It  is  obvious  that  if  only  a certain  amount 
of  land  can  be  obtained  because  of  development  around  it  that 
the  size  of  the  camp  ground  is  predetermined.  However  more 
often  this  is  not  the  case  for  the  ideal  site  for  a camp  is 
not  generally  in  a section  that  is  built  up.  When  it  is 
possible  to  obtain  all  of  the  land  that  is  necessary  a committee 
should  be  appointed  to  take  accurate  counts  of  the  number  of 
tourists  that  pass  through  the  town  and  who  would  use  a camp 
if  one  were  there.  This  is  generally  handled  by  the  commercial 
club  or  some  other  civic  organization.  After  the  counts  are 
made  it  is  then  merely  a simple  matter  of  mathematics  to 
determine  the  acreage  necessary.  I will  give  some  statistics 
here  which  will  help  in  determining  the  area  required  for  a 
given  number  of  tourists.  The  lots  to  which  each  party  is 
assigned  should  be  rather  spacious  thereby  lending  a certain 
feeling  of  privateness  and  remoteness.  A good  size  for  a lot 
is  50  feet  square.  However  if  the  space  is  limited  it  will  be 
of  advantage  to  make  the  lots  25  x 55  feet.  A lot  this  size 
will  be  found  to  be  very  satisfactory  yet  there  will  be  a 
feeling  that  one  is  located  in  a community  camp  instead  of  the 
feeling  created  by  a larger  lot  of  being  in  an  individual  and 
private  camp.  To  some  the  community  feeling  is  one  to  be 
desired  rather  than  to  be  objected  to.  Allowing  a practical 


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percentage  of  the  space  to  be  given  over  to  drives,  service 
buildings,  social  and  athletic  activities  and  planting  it  is 
possible  to  get  15  lots  50  feet  square  per  acre.  This  means 
fifteen  different  parties  may  be  accommodated  per  acre.  The 
average  of  the  number  of  individuals  in  each  party  is  about  4, 
then  60  persons  may  be  accommodated  per  acre  per  day.  That 
is,  1800  per  month,  or  about  7000  per  season  per  acre.  If  the 
camp  is  ten  acres  in  area  70,000  persons  may  be  accommodated 
by  it  in  one  season.  It  has  been  determined  by  statistics 
kept  by  towns  which  have  a tourist  camp  that  the  tourist 
spends  on  an  average  of  $5  per  person  per  day.  Then  a ten 
acre  camp  with  the  size  lots  I have  mentioned  would  be  the 
means  of  bringing  additional  business  to  the  extent  of  $550,000 
each  season  to  the  community  providing  it.  Of  course  this 
figure  is  based  upon  the  camp  being  filled  to  its  capacity 
every  day  of  the  season.  One  must  bear  in  mind  that  this  will 
not  be  the  case  during  the  first  year  or  so.  But  if  the  camp 
is  correctly  designed  it  will  soon  be  the  annual  stopover  of 
parties  who  have  previously  visited  it.  It  will  not  only  be 
filled  to  its  capacity  but  its  expansion  will  become  necessary. 
It  is  always  wise  to  take  into  consideration  this  question  of 
future  expansion  when  the  land  is  first  acquired.  Obtain 
leases  upon  the  surrounding  land  with  the  privilege  to  buy  at 
any  time. 

Some  people  have  the  mistaken  idea  that  the  population  of 
the  town  determines  the  size  of  the  camp.  This  is  an  entirely 
fallacious  idea.  Only  the  two  features  I have  mentioned. 


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namely  the  ground  obtainable  and  the  number  of  tourists,  are 
instrumental  in  determining  the  size  of  the  camp  required.  The 
most  important  of  these  is  the  latter;  the  number  of  tourists 
to  be  accommodated. 


14 


DEVELOPMENT  OE  TEE  CAMP 


The  next  main  feature  of  the  tourist  camp  and  without 
doubt  the  most  important  one  is  the  development  of  the  camp. 

It  is  obvious  that  a camp  which  consists  simply  of  an 
isolated  area  with  no  attractive  features  and  comforts  is  not 
going  to  attract  the  tourist  to  it  especially,  for  there  are 
many  such  places  along  the  highway  which  will  attract  him  even 
more  than  a camp  of  this  sort.  There  is  a certain  sense  of 
discovery  that  is  realized  when  one  finds  an  especially 
attractive  little  nook,  out  away  from  mankind  where  he  may 
pitch  his  tent.  But  even  this  pleasure  is  lost  in  an  area 
that  has  been  fenced  off  by  man  and  then  neglected.  Upon 
reaching  a camp  such  as  this,  one  feels  as  if  he  is  an 
undesirable,  and  that  that  community  has  looked  down  upon  him 
and  segregated  him  from  them.  This  is  entirely  the  wrong 
impression  for  a community  to  create  toward  itself  and  were  it 
not  for  the  backwardness  of  the  community  it  would  realize  the 
value  of  creating  the  most  favorable  impression  possible  in  the 
mind  of  each  individual  who  visits  it.  There  are  many  features 
which  determine  a well  developed  camp,  one  that  will  reach  the 
maximum  of  efficiency  in  the  position  it  has  to  play.  The 
first  of  these  is  the  drives. 

DELVES 


The  drives  should,  first  of  all,  be  as  inconspicuous  as 


■ 


« 


* 


15 


possible,  still  being  efficient.  The  main  drive  should  lead 
from  the  entrance  to  the  main  lodge  in  front  of  which  is  a 
turn  around.  Secondary  drives  on  each  side  of  which  are  the 
camping  lots  should  branch  off  of  the  main  drive.  There 
should  be  an  easy  approach  from  this  secondary  drive  to  the 
lot  itself  still  keeping  the  lot  above  the  level  of  the 
drive.  The  main  drive  should  be  eighteen  feet  wide  and  the 
secondary  drives  nine  feet  wide.  The  drives  may  be  made  of 
quite  a variety  of  materials.  The  most  generally  used 
material  is  cinders.  These  most  generally  are  easily  obtain- 
able and  are  of  little  expense.  They  are  very  pervious,  and 
dispose  of  the  surface  water  with  the  greatest  rapidity. 

Their  color  and  texture  very  easily  blend  into  the  informality 
of  the  entire  development.  Altho  cinders  are  the  best  in  many 
respects  it  may  be  more  advisable  in  some  communities  to  use 
some  other  material.  This  of  course  will  be  a specific  case 
and  cannot  be  treated  here.  However  that  material  which  may 
be  obtained  most  easily  and  at  the  least  expense  will  doubtless 
be  the  one  to  use,  provided  that  it  is  efficient. 

The  arrangement  of  the  drives  will  be  greatly  determined 
by  the  contour  of  the  land  and  it  is  impractical  to  say  that 
any  set  rule  should  be  followed  by  each  community.  The  drives 
of  each  camp  must  be  worked  out  for  that  specific  camp.  The 
only  suggestion  that  it  is  possible  to  give  which  will  pertain 
to  all  camps  is  that  the  drives  must  be  as  much  as  possible  in 
the  lov/  areas  thereby  making  the  lots  on  a higher  level,  they 
must  be  well  drained  and  efficient. 


LOT  SPACES 


The  next  element  of  the  camp  is  the  lot  spaces  for 
camping.  These  spaces  as  I have  mentioned  must  be  on 
comparatively  high  ground.  They  must  be  spacious  giving  some 
degree  of  privacy  and  isolation  from  the  others.  A space  50 
feet  square  is  a good  size  for  a lot.  This  allows  room  for 
the  car  and  tent  whether  the  tent  is  attached  to  the  car, 
relying  upon  the  car  for  its  support  or  whether  it  is 
separate.  It  is  advisable  to  lay  a wooden  floor  about 
eight  inches  above  the  ground  over  which  the  tent  may  be 
pitched,  thus  assuring  a dry  surface  to  sleep  upon.  It  is  not 
advisable  to  furnish  tents,  for  they  are  quite  an  expense  and 
practically  all  tourists  have  their  own  tents.  Some  camps 
have  built  shacks  the  sides  of  which  are  of  canvas  and  may  be 
raised  or  lowered  at  will.  But  this  is  rather  a needless 
expense  and  does  not  generally  give  the  satisfaction  that  is 
desired  from  really  camping  in  a regular  7x9  canvas  tent 
which  must  be  pitched  by  one's  self.  The  depreciation  of  this 
half  cottage  and  half  tent  during  the  winter  is  so  great  that 
it  is  very  inadvisable  to  construct  them.  On  the  lot  there 
should  be  made  provision  for  cooking.  However  as  there  is 
generally  also  a main  kitchen  or  group  fireplaces  this  lot 
fireplace  is  nearly  always  very  simple.  On  the  lot  there  is 
provided  just  a fire-place  fashioned  by  laying  the  local  rocks 
in  the  shape  of  a U.  It  is  always  an  unbounded  pleasure  to 
sit  around  the  dying  embers  of  a fire,  built  in  this  fireplace. 


17 


late  at  night  toasting  marshmallows  or  wieners  and  talking  over 
the  experiences  of  the  past  day  or  planning  the  activities  of 
the  next. 

CAMP  ST2UCTUHES 

The  next  element  of  the  development  is  the  structures 
that  should  be  built.  The  buildings  necessary  may  generally 
be  named  as  the  following.  Entrance  gate  house,  Main  lodge, 

Bath  houses.  Comfort  stations  and  Garage.  I will  discuss 
each  of  these  separately.  First  the  entrance  gate  house. 

EBTSANCE  GATE  HOUSE 

The  entrance  gate  house  is  of  course  located  at  the  main 
entrance  to  the  camp.  It  may  be  made  of  any  material  that  is 
more  or  less  permanent.  The  material  most  advisable  in  a 
given  community  will  be  determined  by  that  community,  the 
accessibility  of  the  material  greatly  determining  its  use. 

Some  communities  find  wood  to  be  the  cheapest.  When  wood  is 
to  be  used,  if  possible  to  obtain,  white  pine  will  be  found 
very  satisfactory.  In  the  event  of  wood  construction  care 
must  be  had  to  carefully  paint  all  exposed  surfaces  each 
season.  Some  communities  find  it  cheaper  to  use  stone.  When 
this  is  the  case  it  is  truly  a blessing,  for  the  stone  will 
last  for  an  indefinitely  long  period  and  will  become  more  and 
more  picturesque  as  it  ages. 


CHECKER 


18 


At  the  entrance  gate  should  be  located  a ’’checker".  The 
duty  of  this  person  is  to  obtain  the  license  number  of  each 
car  entering  the  camp,  the  type  of  car  and  how  many  occupants 
it  has.  This  has  more  than  infrequently  been  the  means  of 
locating  stolen  cars.  After  the  checker  has  gotten  this  data 
he  issues  a lot  number  for  that  party  and  gives  them  a 
corresponding  key  to  the  gas  plate  and  cupboard  which  is  to  be 
used  by  the  occupants  of  that  lot.  He  then  gives  directions 
to  the  party  to  enable  them  to  easily  find  their  lot.  If  the 
camp  is  large  he  gives  them  a printed  map  of  the  camp  showing 
the  various  lots  and  buildings  and  what  service  each  renders. 
This  map  should  be  accompanied  with  a concise  statement  of  the 
regulations  and  rules  of  the  camp. 

MAIN  LODGE 

The  next  structure  of  importance  is  the  main  lodge.  This 
should  be  built  of  the  same  material  that  the  entrance  gate 
house  is  or  some  material  that  is  in  keeping  with  the  spirit 
and  atmosphere  of  the  camp.  Stone  layed  in  random  ruble  is  a 
very  satisfactory  material.  The  lodge  should  be  centrally 
located,  generally  on  axis  with  the  main  entrance  drive.  The 
size  of  the  lodge  will  be  determined  by  the  number  of  tourists 
to  be  accommodated  by  the  camp.  As  this  is  an  ever  increasing 
number  it  is  well  to  build  the  lodge  large,  and  even  then  it 


« 


. 


. 

. 


• 

19 


may  be  found  necessary  later  to  build  another,  in  another 
part  of  the  camp  after  expansion  has  taken  place.  The  lodge 
should  contain,  a kitchen,  a store  and  cafeteria,  lounge  rooms, 
dance  hall,  recreation  rooms,  laundry,  baths,  local  and  long 
distance  telephone,  and  first  aid  station.  Sometimes  it  is 
found  advisable  to  have  a few  rooms  to  accommodate  the  few 
tourists  who  come  without  tents  or  for  sickness  or  other 
reason  desire  to  occupy  a room.  However  this  is  not  necessary 
for  if  such  tourists  come  they  may  be  directed  to  a hotel. 

The  kitchen  should  contain  gas  plates  sufficient  to  accommodate 
every  party.  There  must  also  be  provided  cupboards,  for  the 
temporary  storage  of  the  commodities  they  buy  for  each  meal. 

The  gas  plates  are  so  arranged  that  a deposit  of  25^  is 
required  each  day  to  get  gas  enough  for  that  day’s  cooking. 

The  revenue  from  this  source  helps  greatly  in  the  expense  of 
maintenance. 

If  only  one  store  is  provided  it  must  be  of  very  much  the 
same  type  as  the  small  to?m  general  store  with  a stock  of  goods 
which  ranges  from  cans  of  sardines  to  a portable  tent.  It  is 
best  to  provide  two  stores,  one  for  groceries  and  another  for 
hardware  and  clothing  such  as  is  needed  by  the  camper.  The 
grocery  store  might  well  have  a steam  counter  where  the  tourist 
may  obtain  hot,  home-cooked  food  to  take  to  his  tent  and  have  a 
nice  hot  meal  without  the  inconvenience  of  cooking  it.  These 
stores  are  generally  contracted  for  by  a concessionaire. 

The  lodge  should  also  contain  spacious  lounge  rooms  fitted 
with  very  comfortable  chairs  and  davenports.  There  should  be  a 


■ 


. 


, ' 


£0 


large  fireplace  in  the  lounge  rooms  around  which  there  may  he 
gatherings  of  various  kinds  at  night. 

There  should  also  he  a dance  hall  where  couples  may  dance 
at  specified  hours  without  charge.  This  may  he  furnished  with 
an  electric  or  player  piano  which  may  he  operated  hy  one  of 
the  party  and  on  specified  evenings  a dance  may  be  given  hy  the 
camp  for  which  an  orchestra  is  engaged. 

There  should  he  furnished  also  recreation  rooms  where  there 
will  he  found  chess,  checkers,  cards,  dominoes,  ping-pong, 
pool,  billiards  and  howling.  In  this  room  is  generally  located 
a tobacco  counter  and  a smoking  room.  There  may  he  a card  room 
for  the  ladies  where  they  can  play  bridge  and  five  hundred  or 
any  other  game  they  may  choose. 

Free  baths  must  he  provided.  It  is  best  to  have  the  men*s 
shower  on  the  first  floor  and  the  ladies  on  the  second  or 
third.  Both  should  contain  porcelain  fittings  thruout.  Hot 
and  cold  water  must  he  always  on  tap.  This  will  also  he 
necessary  for  the  laundry  which  is  also  in  the  basement. 

Spacious  tubs  made  of  porcelain  with  hot  and  cold  water  always 
on  hand  and  the  privilege  of  hiring  the  laundry  done  hy  wash- 
women or  doing  it  ones  self  is  a feature  always  appreciated  hy 
the  dirty,  dust  laden  tourist.  Then  he  may  have  his  shower 
and  find  clean  linen  ready  for  him  and  then  enjoy  the  camp  to 
the  utmost. 

It  is  sometimes  found  advisable  to  build  the  hath  houses 
apart  from  the  main  lodge.  When  this  is  the  case,  care  must 
be  taken  to  have  them  attractive  and  easily  accessible  from 


, 

• 

• . 

. 


, 

• , 

- • 


■ 


' 


l ■ ■ 


all  parts  of  the  camp.  The  ladies  and  mens  bath  bath  house 
should  be  segregated  one  from  the  other.  The  same  is  true  of 
the  comfort  stations  when  apart  from  the  main  lodge.  These 
should  be  connected  with  the  sewage  system  of  the  town.  If  it 
is  not  possible  to  do  this,  they  may  be  connected  into  one 
system  which  empties  into  a septic  tank  and  then  into  a filter 
bed  and  then  to  an  outlet  well  outside  of  the  camp  area. 


GARAGE  AMD  TOOL  HOUSE 


The  next  structure  of  importance  is  the  garage  and  tool 
house.  This  should  be  located  in  some  isolated  part  of  the 
camp,  yet  must  be  easily  approached  by  the  drive.  This  may  be 
operated  by  an  experienced  mechanic  and  auto  repair-man.  There 
must  be  an  adequate  supply  of  tools  and  a very  complete 
accessory  station  may  also  be  included.  It  is  advisable  also 
to  have  equipment  for  vulcanizing. 


GROUP  FIREPLACES 

In  connection  with  structures  it  might  be  advisable  to 
mention  group  fireplaces.  These  are  made  of  undressed  stone 
found  in  the  locality,  held  in  place  by  wiped  bead  cement 
joints.  They  are  constructed  very  much  like  a log  cabin  fire- 
place. One  of  these  may  serve  for  a number  of  lots  for  they 
are  made  large  enough  for  three  or  four  parties  to  use  at  one 


time 


The  wood  to  be  used  for  these  is  furnished,  cut  and 


22 

placed  beside  the  fireplace  daily  by  the  camp. 

Y/ATER,  LIGHT  ALL  DRAINAGE 

The  camp  should  be  gridironed  by  water  pipes  which 
terminate  in  a hydrant.  These  hydrants  should  be  numerous 
enough  so  that  the  distance  from  any  lot  to  the  nearest  hydrant 
will  not  be  greater  than  150  feet.  Each  lot  should  be 
furnished  with  electric  light,  with  a switch  so  that  the  light 
of  each  lot  may  be  turned  on  or  off  at  will  without  affecting 
the  light  of  the  other  lots. 

The  question  of  drainage  is  a very  important  one.  The 
drainage  system  must  carry  off  the  underground  water  and  the 
surface  water.  The  surface  water  must  be  rapidly  carried  off 
and  the  entire  area  must  be  drained  to  keep  it  in  a healthy, 
dry  condition.  To  do  this  an  adequate  drainage  system  must 
be  supplied* 

PLANTING 

The  beauty,  cheerfulness  and  restfullness  of  the  camp 
will  be  greatly  determined  by  the  planting.  All  of  the 
planting  should  be  of  the  informal,  naturalistic  type.  Care 
must  be  taken  to  plant  shrubs  that  are  indigenous  to  that 
locality.  Foundation  plantings  should  be  made  around  each 
building  and  the  lot  lines  may  well  be  marked  by  a border  of 
shrubs.  Such  buildings  as  the  comfort  stations,  bath  houses 


23 


and  garage  should  be  well  screened  from  view  of  the  entire 
camp  by  a high,  thick  planting. 

SUPERVISION 

The  next  main  element  of  a camp  is  the  supervision  of  it. 
The  welfare  of  the  camp  generally  lies  in  the  hands  of  the 
checker,  a superintendent  and  local  police.  The  superintendent 
has  the  charge  of  a number  of  caretakers  whose  duty  it  is  to 
police  the  grounds  and  keep  them  in  shape.  A night  watchman 
who  is  generally  a city  policeman  watches  the  welfare  of  the 
campers  while  they  are  asleep.  It  is  advisable  to  place  signs 
to  enable  the  campers  to  more  easily  comply  with  the  rules  of 
the  camp. 


' 


. 


. 


. 


24 


EXPENSE 

The  question  of  prime  importance  in  the  minds  of  many  is 
that  of  expense.  The  original  expense  will  greatly  depend 
upon  the  attitude  taken  by  the  ones  furnishing  the  building 
material  and  labor.  If  they  are  impressed  with  the  value  to 
them  of  such  a camp,  quite  often  the  material  will  be  donated, 
and  as  has  already  been  pointed  out  the  cost  of  labor  will  be 
minimized.  What  expense  there  is  incurred  is  generally  stood 
by  the  town  or  by  some  civic  organization  such  as  the  commercial 
club.  Often  by  popular  subscription  among  the  merchants  enough 
money  may  be  raised  to  meet  the  initial  expense. 

The  next  expense  is  that  of  upkeep.  This  will 
undoubtedly  be  met  by  the  income  from  the  camp  itself.  A small 
charge  may  be  made  as  rental  of  the  lot  after  it  has  been 
occupied  a certain  number  of  days.  The  charge  for  gas  furnishes 
a goodly  revenue,  and  the  profits  made  from  the  various  stores 
will  not  only  meet  the  expense  but  will  be  found  to  be  a money 
making  investment.  On  the  whole  the  camp  meets  all  of  its  own 
expenses  after  it  becomes  known  and  not  only  will  it  just  meet 
its  running  expense  but  will  soon  pay  for  the  original  cost  and 
from  then  on  it  will  be  really  a money  making  enterprise  which 
will  increase  from  year  to  year.  There  are  quite  a number  of 
camps  for  tourists  such  as,  the  camp  at  Ipswich,  S.  Dakota, 
owned  by  Geo.  I.  Perry,  Crystal  Cave,  S.  Dakota,  owned  by 
Louis  Storm,  and  the  camp  at  St.  Augustine,  Fla.,  owned  by 
H.  J.  Usina,  that  are  privately  owned  solely  for  the  purpose 


. 


, 


. 


. 


• 

• 

, 

* 


w 


. 

. 

, 

• f 


25 


of  making  money. 

One  must  bear  in  mind  that  this  discussion  has  pertained 
more  or  less  to  an  ideal  camp.  In  many  localities  some  of 
the  things  I have  mentioned  will  be  found  impossible  or  at 
least  impractical.  Each  camp  must  be  designed  by  some 
competent  landscape  architect  before  it  will  reach  the 
highest  degree  of  satisfaction  and  efficiency.  However  if  it 
is  possible  to  incorporate  all  of  the  elements  I have  mentioned 
here  the  camp  will  be  a pleasure  and  pride  to  the  community 
providing  it  and  the  increased  business  and  nation  wide 
advertising  the  community  will  receive  will  many,  many  times 
pay  for  the  land  and  expense  involved  in  the  enterprise. 

The  growth  of  auto  camps  will  be  even  more  rapid  in  the 
next  five  years  than  it  has  been  during  the  past  five  years. 

The  legislatures  of  California  and  Colorado  have  already 
passed  bills  providing  money  for  camps  along  the  state 
highways.  There  is  also  an  act  which  provides  that  whenever 
a tract  of  land  is  sold  for  lumbering  purposes,  an  area  of  at 
least  five  acres  must  be  laid  aside  and  developed  into  a 
camp. 

The  development  of  the  auto  camp  has  restricted  itself 
mainly  to  the  west  yet  in  the  near  future  there  will  be  a 
marvelous  development  along  this  line  in  all  states  east  of 
the  Mississippi  river.  This  eastern  portion  of  the  United 
States  is  the  most  densely  populated  and  for  that  reason  alone 
should  require  more  numerous  camps  than  the  west.  An  auto 
tourist  camp  may  be  likened  to  the  lungs  of  an  animal.  They 


' 

• 

• 

. 

• 

:c  \* 


are  truly  breathing  spaces  and  the  greater  the  breathing 
space  the  more  healthy  is  the  surrounding  community.  In  the 
east  there  will  soon  be  tracts  of  land  bought  by  the  state 
for  reforestation.  In  fact  many  of  the  eastern  states  have 
already  acquired  such  areas.  These  areas  will  all  eventually 
contain  a tourist  camp.  Prom  the  Cat skill  mountains  down  to 
the  most  southern  part  of  the  Blue  Ridge  one  will  be  able  to 
tour  at  no  time  being  more  than  a dayTs  distance  of  an 
adequate  camp.  Then  one  can  say,  "let  us  take  a tour  this 
summer",  without  having  in  mind  going  to  the  Rocky  mountains, 
for  many  of  the  attractive  features  of  the  Rocky  mountains 
will  then  be  realized  in  the  Appalachian  mountains.  Then  we 
will  realize  and  be  able  to  truthfully  say  that  "East  is 


West 


IT 


27 


THE  HEW  HOSPITALITY 
By  Rebecca  H.  Porter. 

"Come  in.  Glad  to  see  you." 

If  you  had  been  house-hunting  without  success  for  three 
months,  if  you  had  a husband  who  was  dissatisfied  with 
business  conditions  at  home  and  was  seeking  a new  field  for 
investment,  if  you  possessed  two  small  children  who  placed 
you  beyond  the  pale  of  eligibility  as  a tenant,  how  would 
this  sign,  swung  above  the  entrance  to  an  auto -park  camp, 
look  to  you? 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fremont-Smith,  motoring  from  Buffalo 
to  Santa  Barbara  in  a mat tress -gorged  automobile,  it  looked 
(to  quote  their  own  words)  "like  the  Garden  of  Eden  re- 
opened to  the  human  race  after  being  closed  for  repairs." 

The  auto -park  camp  which  the  Santa  Barbara  Chamber  of 
Commerce  owns  and  places  at  the  disposal  of  its  motoring 
guests  is  only  one  of  many  such  open-air  hotels  now 
scattered  over  the  length  and  breadth  of  our  country.  A 
less  poetic  but  more  veracious  comparison  than  the  Garden 
of  Eden  is  that  they  are  the  cafeteria  idea  raised  to  the 
n-th  degree.  Come  when  you  like,  wait  on  yourself,  and 
pay  as  you  leave. 

In  Denver  there  is  one  which  cares  for  more  than 
fifty-five  hundred  cars.  This  is  the  Manhattan  of  auto- 


- 


• ■ 


• 

■ 

, 

t - ■ . I 

« 


- 

- 

• 

* 

• 

- 


28 


oanrp  cities,  the  Middle  Western  metropolis  of  the  thermos- 
bottle  and  the  khaki  lean-to.  With  fifty-five  hundred 
neighbors,  all  of  them  practically  within  seeing  distance  of 
him,  a tourist  is  under  no  more  obligation  to  get  acquainted 
than  he  would  be  in  a city  office -building.  A New  York 
apartment -house  itself  could  not  insure  for  him  a more 
impregnable  privacy. 

But  out  on  the  genial  shores  of  southern  California 
there  is  a come -in-glad-to-see -you  spirit  which  proves  a 
universal  solvent  for  urban  and  provincial  reserve.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Fremont -Smith  felt  it  when,  on  the  second  night  after 
their  arrival,  they  were  invited,  without  the  preliminary  of 
a first  call,  to  attend  a party.  Somebody  in  camp  was  having 
a birthday,  and  this  furnished  the  motif  for  a rollicking 
celebration.  It  was  given  in  the  community  kitchen  where, 
surrounded  on  three  sides  by  gas  plates  and  adjustable 
ovens,  a group  of  forty  guests  were  entertained.  Everybody 
in  the  park  was  invited  and  everybody  came.  That  the 
programme  was  entirely  impromptu  added  to  its  variety  and 
zest,  for  unsuspected  talent  disclosed  itself  and  volun- 
teered its  service.  Among  the  guests  was  a professional 
raconteur,  a violinist,  a sleight-of-hand  artist,  and  a 
clever  little  school-teacher  who  offered  to  read  palms.  At 
the  end  of  the  evening  a huge  freezer  of  ice-cream  was 
opened  by  the  genial  secretary  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
two  of  the  gas  plates  heated  up  the  chocolate,  and  a cake 
from  one  of  the  down -town  bakeries  crowned  the  feast. 


< 


• . 


It  was,  as  one  of  the  group  expressed  it,  "something 
new  in  parties.”  But  what  is  infinitely  more  interesting  to 
the  student  of  modem  sociology,  it  is  something  new  in 
living.  For  the  mere  description  of  a successfully  con- 
ducted auto-park  party  is  not  a significant  thing.  This 
new  hospitality  which  we  are  offering  to  our  travelling 
public  becomes  a vital  element  in  our  national  life  only 
when  we  consider  the  psychology  that  lies  back  of  it.  The 
question  of  where  the  Fremont -Smiths  are  going  is  of  no 
importance.  The  really  important  questions  concerning  their 
trip  are  these:  Why  are  they  going?  Having  once  started  to 

"go",  will  they  ever  be  content  to  permanently  stop?  And 
what  will  be  the  effect  upon  America  of  an  increasing 
citizenship  of  Fremont -Smiths? 

Barring  those  tourists  who  are  in  quest  of  health  (and 
these  are  comparatively  very  few) , there  are  to  the  super- 
ficial observer  two  completely  satisfying  answers  to  the 
question  Why.  These  are  the  rise  of  household  expenses  and 
the  decline  of  household  servants.  Nobody  can  deny  these 
two  factors  in  our  national  life,  and  what  nobody  can  deny 
most  of  us  accept  as  all-conclusive  proof.  We  know  that  in 
the  East  there  is  an  idea  rampant  that  "out  in  California 
there  is  plenty  of  room."  The  good-humored  tourist  finding 
upon  his  arrival  that  this  does  not  mean  furnished-room, 
accepts  the  auto-park  substitute,  and  flits  adventurously 
from  one  camping-ground  to  another  while  his  wife  revels  in 
the  experience  of  housekeeping  with  no  housework.  All  this 


is  obvious,  so  obvious  that  the  Fremont -Smiths  have  not  been 
considered  a problem  at  all. 

But  the  motives  which  lead  our  summer  campers  to  become 
perpetual  campers  are  not  to  be  so  easily  and  plausibly 
labelled.  Under  the  oak-tree  where  Mrs.  Fremont-Smith  is 
shelling  peas,  a searcher  after  the  real  well-spring  of 
truth  feels  the  hazel  wand  turn  in  his  hand. 

"We've  been  travelling  for  almost  a year  now,”  the 
hostess  declares,  making  a place  for  her  caller  upon  one  of 
the  car  cushions.  ”We  started  out  just  to  spend  the  summer, 
and  then  our  real-estate  agent  wrote  us  that  the  people  who 
were  in  our  house  would  pay  twenty-five  dollars  a month  more 
if  they  could  keep  it  through  the  winter.  We  figured  that 
we  could  live  out  this  way  and  save  about  fifty  a month. 
Henry  needed  a change  anyway,  and  I was  simply  sick  of 
housework.  ” 

"But  what  will  you  do  during  the  rainy  season?”  The 
caller  being  an  adopted  Californian  dared  hint  thus  of  the 
possibility  of  intermittent  sunshine. 

"Oh,  we'll  go  'in'  for  January  and  February.  We  have  a 
friend  up  in  San  Francisco  who  will  rent  us  two  rooms  in  his 
house.  But  it  will  certainly  be  hard  to  get  used  to  being 
'in'.  We  tried  it  for  two  weeks  in  Denver  when  the  schools 
first  started,  and  actually  whenever  I saw  autos  go  past  the 
window  all  packed  for  camping,  I just  ached  to  get  up  and 
start  off  somewhere anywhere,  just  to  be  going." 

And  there  is  the  real  answer,  or  part  of  it,  to  the 


. 


- 

. 


. 

f 1 

' 

f 


t 


, 


Why.  In  it  there  is  no  wail  of  the  homeless  seeking  a hearth. 
There  is  no  despair  of  a harassed  housekeeper  left  servant- 
less. For  Mrs.  Fremont -Smith  never  had  a servant.  By  her 
own  frank  confession  she  was  a New  England  girl  raised  in  a 
large  family  where  every  child  had  a part  in  the  home 
responsibilities.  And  parenthetically  we  may  as  well  confess 
that  most  of  the  clamor  about  the  servant  problem  comes  from 
families  not  accustomed  to  domestic  help  save  in  emergency. 
Those  whose  traditions  include  this  form  of  service  are  the 
ones  who  are  adapting  themselves  most  resourcefully  and 
philosophically  to  the  maid  shortage. 

It  is  not  lack  of  help,  then,  not  lack  of  home,  that  is 
driving  our  citizenship  out  upon  the  public  road,  but  the 
spirit  of  "Let’s  go,"  which  is  rapidly  becoming  our  national 
slogan.  And  added  to  the  simple  faith  of  our  forefathers  as 
expressed  upon  our  medium  of  exchange  it  has  a subtly 
pathetic  humor "In  God  we  trust.  Let's  go." 

A woman  writer  added  fresh  testimony  to  the  trend  of 
modern  sentiment  the  other  day.  "I  have  to  solve  the  prob- 
lem of  working  and  yet  living  outside,"  she  said.  "So  I 
evolved  the  plan  of  stopping  my  car  on  some  quiet  roadside 
and  writing  on  a pad  in  my  lap.  But  I soon  learned  that 
roadsides,  even  very  quiet  ones,  would  not  do.  So  many 
kindly  people  stopped  with  solicitous  offers  of  gas  and  oil 
that  my  life  became  a succession  of  refusals.  To  the 
average  American  who  owns  an  automobile  it  is  an  incon- 
ceivable thing  that  any  one  who  is  equipped  to  'go'  should 


voluntarily  remain  stationary. 11 

But  to  return  to  Mrs.  Fremont-Smith.  When  asked  how 
she  solved  the  school  problem,  she  replied:  T,We  just  put 

them  right  in  here.  We've  been  here  two  months  already  and 
will  probably  be  here  two  more.  There  are  several  children 
in  camp  about  their  age,  and  every  morning  one  of  us  gathers 
them  up  and  drives  them  to  school.  And  here's  a thing  that 
will  interest  you.  The  teachers  say  that  the  children  from 
the  auto  park  are  the  cleanest  pupils  in  the  school. " 

This  is  not  hard  to  believe.  For  mothers  freed  from 
domestic  cares  have  more  time  to  spend  upon  faces  and  hands 
and  "behind  the  ears.”  And  by  that  same  token  it  is  quite 
probable  that  the  children  at  the  auto  camp  have  more 
parental  co-operation  in  preparing  their  lessons. 

Mrs.  Fremont-Smith  had  finished  the  peas  now  and  was 
running  a deft  hand  down  a small  stocking  leg,  prospecting 
for  holes.  The  double  bed,  sheltered  by  a khaki  lean-to, 
was  neatly  made,  and  a roll  of  flannel  underwear  flapped 
upon  the  clothes-line.  If  it  is  true  that  houses  reflect  the 
characters  of  their  owners,  tents  are  infinitely  more 
illuminating.  Sitting  at  the  door  of  this  one  it  was  easy  to 
make  the  transition  from  casual  acquaintance  to  confidant  and 
so  receive  indirect  introduction  to  some  of  the  neighbors. 

"Those  people  over  there  are  from  Indiana.  They  own  a 
home  and  a lot  of  property  there,  but  they  decided  that  they 
wanted  to  travel,  and  they've  been  down  in  San  Diego  for  four 
months.  Her  husband  has  got  a job  here  now.  He's  a building 


. 


' 

- 


■ 

. 


, 


■ 

’ 

1 


. 

. 


•<  ' . 


. 


, 


contractor  and  is  putting  up  that  new  office -building  on 
B---  Street.  They  took  a house  two  weeks  ago,  but  yesterday 
morning  back  they  came  to  camp.  She  said  she  just  got  so 
lonesome  with  nobody  to  talk  to  all  day  that  she  didn't  know 
what  to  do.  Hot  a soul  came  to  call  on  her,  and  she  said 
that  when  she'd  think  of  the  good  times  we  all  used  to  have 
together  out  here,  cooking  supper  so  cosily  over  in  the 
kitchen  and  signing  up  for  the  waffle-iron  on  Sunday  mornings, 
she  just  couldn't  stand  it.  So  they've  taken  one  of  those 
wooden  lodges  and  will  be  here  all  winter. " 

Here  she  digressed  from  her  responsibilities  as  hostess 
to  call  to  the  occupants  of  an  incoming  car.  "Did  you  look 
at  it?"  The  man  replied  evasively  as  he  helped  his  wife  to 
alight  and  began  unpacking  the  groceries.  Mrs.  Fremont-Smith 
winked  with  genial  camaraderie.  "You  see,"  she  explained  in 
a lowered  voice,  "we  all  say  that  we're  here  because  we 
haven't  any  other  place  to  live.  And  there's  an  unwritten 
law  that  whoever  sees  a sign  of  an  apartment  or  house  to 
rent  must  report  it  in  camp.  My  husband  and  I have  told  these 

people  about  five  different  places  but Well,  you  see  they're 

still  here." 

Most  of  these  campers  are  "still  here,"  and  their 
permanency  and  contentment  seems  to  answer  definitely  the 
second  question.  Having  once  started  to  go  will  they  ever  be 
content  to  stop?  Ho.  'Why  should  they  stop  when  in  this 
transient  camp  they  find  freedom  and  adventure  and  casual 
comradeship. 


» 


34 


Eagerly  does  the  American  father  of  today  impart  to  his 
family  the  glad  tidings  that  he  has  rented  or  sold  the  home 
and  they  can  now  live  in  an  apartment.  Willingly  does  the 
American  mother  of  to-day  accept  the  altered  condition  of 
living  that  will  free  her  from  domestic  toil.  Joyfully  do 
parents  and  children  flee  at  length  from  the  Gommorrah  of 
profiteering  landlords  to  the  fellowship  of  the  roadside 
camp-fire.  And  the  soul  of  the  whole  matter  lies  in  this 
fact:  the  Fremont -Smiths  sacrifice  their  home  ties  lightly 

because  they  bind  them  lightly.  Only  in  song  do  they  pay 
tribute  to  the  theory  of  there  being  "no  place  like  home." 

It  is  Emerson  who  urges  us  earnestly  to  "stay  at  home  in 
thine  own  heaven."  "Good  advice,"  say  the  Fremont -Smiths, 

"if  you  have  that  kind  of  a home.  But  making  a heaven  out  of 
your  home  involves  too  much  work.  Even  making  a haven  of  it 
is  arduous.  And  in  place  of  drudgery  we  can  have  freedom.  In 
place  of  routine  we  can  have  adventure.  And  for  every  friend 
we  can  have  a campful  of  jolly  acquaintances.  And  all  this 
at  the  least  possible  cost."  This  is  the  modern  philosophy. 

It  gains  converts  every  day.  For  after  all,  our  chief 
quarrel  with  life  is  not  only  that  it  is  so  expensive  but 
that  it  is  so  hard,  so  unlovely,  so  pitiless.  No  one  has 
time  for  the  inspirational  comradeships  of  life.  No  one  cares 
who  lives  next  door,  or  dies  there.  The  strain  of  modem 
economic  life  is  forcing  us  to  seek  relief  in  strange  and 
hitherto  untried  ways.  Those  who  drive  mattress-gorged  cars 
through  our  streets  are  on  a spiritual  quest.  What  they  are 


. 


u 


' 


. 

. 


■ 


, 


I ■ 


35 


seeking  is  not  material  but  spiritual  shelter.  And  having 
found  it  in  the  community  kitchen  while  awaiting  their  turn 
at  the  waffle-iron  they  are  not  to  be  forced  back  into  the 
hideous  melange  of  civilization  by  the  empty  enticement  of 
FURNISHED  APARTMENT  TO  LET. 

Whether  we  approve  or  disapprove  of  it,  the  fact  remains 
that  we  are  rapidly  being  herded  toward  community  living. 

And  what  is  the  case  which  the  American  home  as  it  now  exists 
can  present  in  defensive  argument?  We  are  born  in  public 
institutions,  educated  in  public  institutions,  fed  at  public 
tables,  entertained  in  community  theatres.  Whatever  religious 
instruction  we  brook  is  supplied  by  Sunday-schools.  What 
claim  can  the  home  present  to  the  modem  child  that  will  take 
precedence  in  his  heart  over  going  to  school  in  an  auto-park 
car  and  celebrating  a birthday  in  an  auto-park  kitchen? 

A few  years  ago  one  of  our  magazines  published  the 
statement  that  the  American  buffalo  was  rapidly  becoming 
extinct  and  his  species  would  soon  be  seen  no  more  except  in 
zoological  gardens.  This  announcement  caused  not  the  mildest 
ripple  of  excitement.  For  to  most  of  us  the  buffalo  had 
already  passed.  We  were  not  accustomed  to  seeing  him 
gamboling  about  on  the  front  lawn,  so  his  going  left  no  gap 
in  our  lives. 

With  something  of  that  same  calmness  must  the  child  of 
to-morrow  read  the  warning  sign:  "The  American  Horae  is 

Passing."  What  is  home  but  one  apartment -house  and  boarding- 
school  right  after  another!  The  story  of  the  American  tour- 


. 

. 


. 


. 


. 


36 


ist  visiting  Italy  with  an  English  friend  grows  more 
pertinent  with  each  succeeding  year.  Everywhere  the 
American  was  impressed  with  the  work  of  human  hands  and  the 
dreams  of  human  souls  which  have  survived  centuries  of 
material  and  spiritual  erosion.  At  last,  in  a voice  thoroughly 
awed  and  a little  despairing,  he  said  to  his  companion: 

When  America  is  as  old  as  Italy  is  today  she  will  have  no 
heritage  like  this  to  give  to  posterity.  What  is  the  secret 
of  Europe’s  marvellous  achievement?  How  has  she  managed  to 
accomplish  all  this?”  To  which  the  laconic  Briton  replied: 

"By  staying  at  home . " 

This  is  an  indictment  none  the  less  arresting  because 
it  is  presented  in  the  negative.  But  staying  at  home  has 
become  of  all  things  the  most  abhorrent.  Behind  the  slogan 
"Better  roads"  is  a far  deeper  significance  than  the  mass  of 
our  countrymen  realize.  Of  the  twenty  measures  placed  before 
the  California  voters  last  November,  the  single  one  on  which 
no  campaign  time  or  money  was  wasted  was  the  highway  bond 
issue.  The  prevailing  sentiment  throughout  the  State  was 
that  it  would  carry  anyway,  and  there  was  no  use  in  spending 
any  effort  upon  it.  And  it  did.  It  carried  by  an  over- 
whelming majority,  while  bills  relating  to  more  effective 
administration,  education,  and  public  health  went  down  in 
contemptuous  defeat. 

To  what  does  all  this  point?  Why  "better  roads"  at  the 
expense  of  better  schools  or  better  sanitation?  The  answer 
is  obvious  enough  and  logical  enough  in  view  of  the  modem 


37 


trend  of  sentiment:  Better  roads  because,  whether  or  not  we 
have  homes,  we  live  on  the  roads.  The  American  home  is 
rapidly  becoming  merely  a service  station  where  we  stop 
only  long  enough  to  get  supplies  for  a trip.  In  a dim, 
indefinite  way  we  are  beginning  to  realize  that  during  the 
past  decade  something  fine  and  fundamental  has  passed  out  of 
our  national  life  and  in  this  spirit,  which  is  pathetic 
because  it  is  so  little  understood,  we  are  throwing  ourselves 
into  the  work  of  forming  community  theatres,  community 
choruses,  community  auto  parks. 

One  can  conceive  of  a nation  of  Fremont -Smiths  regaining 
perhaps  some  of  our  lost  heritage  of  resourcefulness  and 
cheerful  adaptability.  One  may  enjoy  their  easy  comradeship 
even  while  despising  them  as  slackers.  But  whether  we  feel 
for  them  pity,  envy,  or  contempt,  the  fact  remains  that  a 
steadily  increasing  part  of  our  population  are  becoming  the 
guests  of  the  nation.  And  even  an  informal  guest  imposes 
definite  responsibilities.  A new  spiritual  tax  has  been 
levied  upon  us.  For  roadside  democracy,  like  every  other 
brand  of  democracy,  presents  problems  and  a price  tag. 

The  Santa  Barbara  Chamber  of  Commerce  is  harassed  by 
the  realization  that  it  must  somehow  contrive  to  build  more 
lodges  for  those  members  of  the  Fremont -Smith  family  who 
may  elect  to  stay  all  winter.  It  must  provide,  and  that 
right  speedily,  more  shower-baths  and  waffle-irons.  The 
school  superintendent,  the  board  of  health,  and  the  local 
pastors  have  already  added  the  Fremont -Smiths  to  their 


38 


calling  lists.  All  this,  as  solicitous  hosts,  we  must  do  in 
the  name  of  the  new  hospitality.  In  return,  we  are  reminded 
that  the  Fremont -Smiths  spend  their  money  in  our  town  and  that 
perchance  (oh,  beautiful  indeed  are  the  feet  of  those  who 
bring  these  glad  tidings  into  the  local  realty  offices)  they 
may  decide  to  buy  property  here. 

It  is  not  permissible  to  inquire  into  the  financial 
status  of  a guest.  It  is  neither  kind  nor  courteous  to 
probe  for  details  concerning  his  private  plans.  But  even 
though  we  should  entertain  around  our  camp-fire  some 
incognito  son  of  Croesus  who  is  destined  one  day  to  electrify 
the  town  by  purchasing  an  entire  hillside  and  paying  cash, 
there  are  those  among  us  for  whom  the  haunting  question  will 
still  persist:  Do  the  Fremont -Smiths  pay  their  board? 


39 


TENTING  OH  THE  HEW  CAMP  GROUND 
By  Walter  Prichard  Eaton. 

The  most  conspicuous  thing  in  the  West  now  is  the  sign, 
Free  Municipal  Camp  Ground.  Almost  every  city,  town,  and 
hamlet,  from  the  Dakotas  to  the  Pacific,  maintains  such  a 
camp  ground,  and  it  is  in  constant  use.  Moreover,  the 
national  parks  are  full  of  campers  who  have  come  by  motor 
and  who  do  not  go  to  the  hotels  at  all.  Before  the  first 
of  August  there  had  been  100,000  visitors  at  Yellowstone, 
the  majority  of  whom,  a hotel  man  woefully  complained,  were 
"sage  ticks."  He  meant  that  they  were  sage-brush  farmers  or 
ranchmen  who  had  come  into  the  park  with  their  families,  on 
an  outing,  and  who  were  camping.  The  Pacific  Highway  in 
Oregon,  which  extends  south  from  Portland  all  the  way  to  the 
California  line,  is  full  of  touring  automobiles,  and  on 
every  second  car  (even  more  frequently,  perhaps)  you  see 
camping  equipment  bulging  from  the  rear  seats  and  strapped 
to  both  running-boards.  The  motor  accessory  stores  in  all 
Western  cities  display  various  ingenious  devices  which 
fasten  to  the  car  and  which  can  be  let  down  and  converted 
into  beds  and  tents.  Certainly  thousands  of  people  have 
been  brought  into  the  country  in  their  motor-cars,  many  of 
whom,  perhaps,  would  be  forced  to  remain  at  home  if  they 
had  to  depend  on  railroads  and  hotels. 


The  West,  of  course,  is  a roomy  and  a democratic  land 
If  you  aren't  quite  democratic  enough  to  put  up  at  a muni- 


40 


cipal  camp  ground and  it  is  a test,  I admit .' there 

is  always  a chance  to  find  some  wild  and  secluded  spot;  or, 
for  that  matter,  you  can  drive  in  at  any  ranch  and  find  a 
welcome  under  a tree.  Since  I got  home  to  Massachusetts, 
however,  I have  been  wondering  what  would  happen  if  any 
considerable  number  of  our  Eastern  people  who  possess  small 
cars  and  small  incomes  were  to  decide  that  the  inability  to 
pay  railroad  fares  and  hotel  charges  wasn't  going  to  keep 
them  from  having  a real  vacation,  bought  tents  and  coffee 
pots,  and  started  out  to  camp  it  from  New  York  to  Bretton 
Woods.  I live  on  the  motor  road  between  those  two  points. 
Would  I invite  families  in  to  camp  on  my  place?  In  a word, 
no.  Would  my  neighbors  to  the  south,  to  the  north?  Again, 
no.  All  along  our  road  we  struggle  to  keep  our  places  gar- 
dened; we  cherish  every  smallest  tree;  we  dread  fire;  we 
hate  the  litter  of  cans  and  rubbish  nine  out  of  every  ten 
campers  always  leave  in  a region  where  camping  is  not  an 
instinct;  finally,  I fear  it  must  be  confessed,  we  are  far 
from  hospitably  democratic  at  heart  and  would  resent  any 
invasion  of  our  privacy.  Some  wild  spots  to  camp  in  might 
be  found  if  one  knew  the  country  and  where  to  turn  off  the 
main  highway;  but  it  would  require  an  accurate  knowledge  to 
avoid  trespass  and  to  be  sure  of  the  purity  of  the  water 
supply.  At  present,  in  short,  the  low-priced  motor  holiday 
possible  to  thousands  and  thousands  in  the  West  is  in  the 


. 


East  practically  an  impossibility. 

But  anyone  who  has  seen  Western  families  on  the  road  will 
admit  this  is  rather  a pity.  Here  especially,  where  our 
population  is  most  congested  in  cities,  we  most  need  the 
opportunity  for  escape  and  for  free  contact  with  the  open 
spaces.  It  seems  to  me  that  the  motor  has  opened  up  a whole 
new  field  for  rational  and  comparatively  inexpensive  outdoor 
enjoyment,  and  that  to  develop  and  cultivate  this  field  in 
the  East  is  the  new  task  confronting  our  park  and  State 
forest  departments.  The  idea  of  a park  as  an  open  space 
full  of  bedded  pansies,  cannas,  and  settees  close  to  a city 
was  well  enough  before  the  advent  of  the  motor.  It  is 
antiquated  now,  or,  rather,  it  is  inadequate. 

There  are  millions  of  acres  of  deforested  and  waste 
land  in  the  Northeastern  States,  a large  percentage  of  it 
unfit  for  agriculture,  which  should,  of  course,  be  re- 
forested; which  sooner  or  later  has  got  to  be  reforested  if 
we  are  to  survive  comfortably,  or  even  survive  at  all.  At 
present,  however,  only  the  feeblest  beginning  of  such  re- 
forestation has  been  made,  largely  because  insufficient 
public  pressure  has  been  brought  to  bear  on  our  short- 
sighted State  legislators.  But  if  State  forests  could  be 
administered  something  as  our  national  parks  are  administered 

--that  is,  as  outdoor  playgrounds —if  their  vast 

potential  recreational  value  could  be  developed  and  stressed, 
a demand  for  their  constant  increase  and  improvement  would 
arise,  and  not  only  we  but  future  generations  would  be  greatly 


the  gainers. 

There  is  no  quicker  and  more  effective  way  to  develop  the 
recreational  side  of  State  forests  in  the  East  than  to  open 
them  and  advertise  them  as  motor  camp  grounds.  There  is,  for 
example,  a considerable  tract  of  forest  land  in  western 
Connecticut  now  controlled  by  the  State.  In  western  Massa- 
chusetts sixty  miles  north  there  are  two  tracts  of  State 
forest  fat  present  practically  inaccessible  to  the  ordinary 
tourist),  one  of  7,000,  the  other  of  14,000  acres.  One  or 
two  similar  tracts  under  State  control  in  southern  Vermont 
and  southern  Hew  Hampshire  would  fill  in  a chain  to  the  White 
Mountains,  where  at  last  some  provision  is  made  for  the 
camper.  In  the  case  of  existing  forests  and  reservations  it 
would  be  a comparatively  simple  matter  to  post  the  roads  in 
to  them,  put  these  roads  into  condition  where  necessary, 
designate  some  attractive  place  near  protected  water  as  a 
camp  ground,  and  erect  there  sanitary  facilities  and  dig  a 
rubbish  disposal  pit.  A few  signs  of  the  proper  sort,  com- 
bined with  the  pressure  of  the  responsible  campers,  will 
soon  teach  those  who  use  such  camping  sites  to  use  them 
properly.  Through  all  the  Horthwest  this  summer  I didn't 
see  one  living  tree  that  had  been  cut  down  by  campers. 

But  even  a bit  of  litter  or  actual  damage  at  first  is  a 
small  price  to  pay  for  the  best  possible  advertisement  of 
the  State  forest  idea— — getting  people  into  the  forests, 
showing  them  how  the  forests  can  be  used  for  their  pleasure 
and  their  profit,  giving  them  an  object  lesson  in  the  spirit- 


» ■ 


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- • — 

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43 


ual  as  well  as  the  material  advantages.  If  there  could  once 
be  established  a chain  of  State  forests  or  reservations,  each 
of  which  contained  a pleasant  motor  camp  ground  beside  running 
water  or  a pond,  leading  by  easy  stages  from  some  large 
Eastern  city  out  three  or  four  hundred  miles  into  what  is  left 
to  us  now  of  real  mountain  wilderness,  I believe  our  highways, 
like  those  of  the  West,  would  be  full  of  camp-equipped  motors, 
thousands  of  our  people  would  be  able  to  get  back  into  the 
zestful,  health- renewing  life  of  the  out-doors,  and  the 
enthusiasm  and  demand  for  a real,  an  adequate  reforestation 
policy  would  receive  such  an  impetus  as  it  has  never  yet 
been  blessed  with. 

Certainly,  being  the  pleasure -loving  and  perverse 
creatures  we  are,  the  mere  logic  of  reforestation  will  make 
small  headway  with  us,  till  at  last  we  find  ourselves  timber- 
less. But  if  the  recreational  feature  of  State  and  national 
forests  is  properly  developed  and  sufficiently  stressed,  we 
may  yet  save  ourselves  in  time.  It  seems  to  me  the  West  is 
showing  us  the  way,  and  that  the  brown  tent  on  the  running- 
board  is  the  hope  of  our  forests. 


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44 


MOTOR  TOURISTS 1 CAMP  HAS  ALL  CONVENIENCES 
By  E.  C.  Mao  MECHEN. 

Half  a dozen  years  ago  the  automobile  camp  ground  for 
tourists  was  practically  an  unknown  experiment.  Today  every 
city  and  town  of  any  importance  on  the  main  highways  between 
the  Mississippi  River  and  the  Pacific  coast  has  its  auto 
camp,  set  aside  especially  for  the  motorist  and  improved  for 
his  convenience.  In  the  larger  camps  anywhere  from  2,000  to 
10,000  cars  park  during  the  summer  months.  The  auto  camp  is 
the  modern  counterpart  of  the  far  eastern  caravansary, 
differing  from  it  mainly  in  the  different  styles  of  loco- 
motion employed  by  the  traveler  and  in  the  purpose  for  which 
it  was  established.  The  caravansary  was  established  as  a 
trade  necessity,  whereas  the  auto  camp  was  created  by  the 
demand  of  the  pleasure  seekers.  Denver  was  the  first  city 
to  establish  a municipal  camp  in  one  of  its  city  parks,  and 
to  equip  it  especially  for  the  motor  tourist.  Since  the 
beginning,  the  camp  has  been  moved  twice,  and  is  now  located 
permanently  in  Overland  Park,  one  of  the  finest  and  largest 
of  the  Denver  parks.  The  improvements  are  more  extensive  and 
elaborate  than  those  in  any  motor  camp  in  America  today. 
Overland,  including  160  acres  of  ground  on  the  banks  of  the 
South  Platte  River,  was  purchased  a year  ago.  Formerly  it 
was  a private  horse-racing  park.  When  the  city  acquired  it. 


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45 


it  was  equipped  with  a mile -and -a -quarter  race  track,  grand 
stand,  clubhouse,  and  half  a dozen  commodious  frame  buildings, 
erected  for  housing  an  interstate  fair. 

The  city  authorities  have  platted  a camping  area  under- 
neath the  trees,  large  enough  to  accommodate  2,500  persons. 

The  camp  was  laid  out  along  the  well-sanded  driveways  of  the 
park,  each  camper’s  lot,  marked  by  numbered  posts,  being  25 
by  35  ft.  Camp  grounds  were  gridironed  with  water  pipes  from 
the  city  water  mains  and  equipped  with  service  hydrants  so 
that  no  tent  is  more  than  150  ft.  from  one  of  these.  Sanitary 
sewers  were  laid  and  connected  with  the  city  sewer  system, 
and  electric  arcs  placed  along  the  right  of  ways  and  streets 
of  motor  town.  The  city  attendants  include  a park  superin- 
tendent, a clerk  to  register  guests  and  issue  permits,  a 
number  of  police  officers,  and  men  to  clean  the  camp. 

The  outstanding  improvement,  however,  has  been  the 
transformation  of  the  clubhouse  into  a 24— room  house  for  the 
motorists.  A concessionaire  was  placed  in  charge  and  in- 
stalled every  conceivable  convenience.  On  the  first  floor 
are  located  a grocery  store  and  market,  a steam  table,  where 
home-cooked  foods  may  be  purchased,  a billiard  and  pool  room 
for  the  men,  barber  shop,  free  hot  and  cold  showers  for  men, 
and  a free  laundry,  equipped  with  tubs,  and  hot  and  cold 
water,  for  the  women  campers.  On  the  second  floor  are  a 
dining  room,  soda  fountain,  lounging  room  where  free  dancing 
is  enjoyed,  and  a room  equipped  with  all  manner  of  clothing, 
tents,  and  similar  articles,  used  in  camp  life.  On  the 


46 


third,  floor  are  located  a rest  room  and  hot  and  oold  showers 
for  the  women,  as  well  as  rooms  for  the  attendants.  The 
building  has  large  roomy  verandas  where  refreshments  may  be 
served. 

At  the  entrance  of  the  park  is  located  a large  gateway 
containing  the  tourists'  registration  booth  and  a complete 
gasoline  service  station.  There  is  no  charge  for  the 
occupancy  of  lots,  and  the  permits,  good  for  two  weeks,  may 
be  extended  upon  application.  The  filling  station  is  under 
the  concessionaire. 

One  of  the  large  exposition  buildings  has  been  fully 
equipped  as  a public  comfort  station  for  men  and  women  and 
has  cement  floors  and  porcelain  fittings.  There  are  several 
other  similarly  equipped  comfort  stations  in  the  park.  Among 
the  additional  accommodations,  to  be  installed  for  the  season 
of  1921,  is  an  automobile -repair  shop  and  moving-picture 
theater  that  will  seat  400,  both  of  which  are  to  be  placed  in 
one  of  the  exposition  buildings. 

As  high  as  3,500  tourists  have  camped  in  the  Overland 
Park  in  one  night,  and  the  city  authorities  expect  a much 
larger  population  in  the  motor  city  before  the  end  of  the 
present  season.  The  camp  area  may  be  extended  to  almost  any 
extent  desired.  One  entertainment  given  for  the  tourists 
early  in  the  season  brought  a crowd  of  60,000  to  the  park. 
This  consisted  of  motorcycle  races,  which  attracted  the  most 
noted  riders  to  the  city.  Entertainments  of  a similar  nature 
will  be  provided  in  the  future. 


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47 


Not  only  has  the  camp  proved  immensely  popular  with 
tourists,  hut  it  has  become  one  of  the  show  places  of  Denver. 
A few  years  ago  the  motor  tourists  was  glad  to  receive  per- 
mission from  a western  city  to  pitch  his  tent  almost  anywhere, 
but  now  western  cities  are  vying  with  one  another  to  kill  the 
fatted  calf  for  him,  as  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  Denver  has 
dedicated  a quarter-of-a-million-dollar  park  for  this  purpose. 


48 


AUTOMOBILE  CAMP  SITES  AUL  THE  "GYPSY”  MOTORIST 
By  Marguerite  A.  Salomon. 

Fascinating  and  romantic  were  the  tales  of  the 
nomadic  gypsies  who  had  no  settled  homes,  but  camped  each 
night  somewhere  along  the  roadside  or  in  the  heart  of  the 
forest,  cooking  their  meals  around  a glowing  campfire  and 
afterward  singing  their  gay  songs  of  the  out-of-doors  to 
the  tune  of  guitar  or  mandolin. 

Out  West,  beyond  the  Mississippi,  thousands  of 
Twentieth  Century  "gypsies"  of  quite  a different  type 
have  sprung  into  being  within  the  past  few  years.  They 
are  known  as  "gypsy  motorists."  Each  year  their  number 
grows  larger  and  larger,  so  that  they  present  a very 
formidable  and  serious  question  to  the  various  States 
through  which  they  pass. 

There  are  all  degrees  of  gypsy  motorists.  Some  are 
those  who  take  their  vacation  in  this  way.  Then  there  are 
farmers  from  intensely  hot  belts  who  in  summer  bring  their 
families  to  cooler  temperatures  and  at  the  same  time  visit 
the  larger  cities  to  buy  necessaries  and  equipment.  There 
are  vast  numbers  of  "immigrants"  seeking  new  homes,  who 
stop  for  a time  here  or  there  to  see  which  particular  spot 
suits  them  most  as  a future  residence.  And,  lastly,  there 
are  the  migratory  ranch  laborers— —such  as  the  hop- 


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49 


pickers,  the  berry-pickers,  apple -pickers , and  the  like 

who  pile  their  families  into  "flivvers11  and  go  working  from 
place  to  place  as  one  season  runs  into  another. 

Time  was  when  the  only  resting-place  a nomadic  motorist 

could  find  was  one  of  his  own  seeking some  wayside, 

attractive  place,  preferably  near  a stream.  As  he  grew  in 
numbers,  various  communities  found  him  getting  to  be  a 
serious  menace.  He  was  not  always  clean,  and  sometimes  he 
left  a most  untidy  and  unhealthy  trail  of  rubbish  behind 
him.  He  polluted  fresh  streams,  and  many  a serious  forest 
fire  can  be  laid  to  his  carelessness.  It  soon  became  clear 
that  he  must  be  segregated,  if  possible;  and  that  is  why 
some  of  the  more  progressive  cities  started  free  automobile 
camping  grounds. 

These  camp  sites  vary  in  kind  and  in  the  accommodations 
they  offer  the  touring  motorist.  All  of  them  are  free. 

Some  merely  furnish  running  water,  comfort  stations,  and 
brick  ovens  with  fuel  already  cut  and  piled  for  the  use  of 
the  tourist.  Others  have  electric  lights  as  an  added 
convenience,  while  still  others  furnish  every  degree  of 
convenience  imaginable  for  the  comfort  of  the  visiting 
"gypsy"— --with  gas  stoves  or  electric  plates  worked  on  a 
25-cent  meter  basis,  shower  baths,  lavatories,  stationary 
washtubs,  and  lockers  for  food  and  valuables.  One  camp 
site  (at  Denver)  has  a large  lake  where  one  may  boat  or 
swim,  and  adjoining  it  are  the  municipal  golf  links,  tennis 
courts,  and  a pavilion  for  dancing-- ---all  absolutely  free 


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50 


of  charge. 

Probably  one  of  the  most  complete  equipments  is  found 
at  the  Free  Auto -Camp  at  Ashland,  Oregon.  It  is  charmingly 
located  in  the  heart  of  Lithia  Park,  a municipal  park  of 
one  hundred  acres  of  great  natural  beauty.  Three  kinds  of 

mineral  waters sulphur,  soda,  and  lithia are  found 

in  springs  and  caverns  near  the  camp,  and  there  are 
children's  playgrounds,  wading  pools  tennis  courts,  and 
other  features  for  the  use  of  the  tourist. 

The  camp  is  equipped  with  a gas  kitchenette  in  a 
central  location,  with  twelve  gas  plates,  lockers  for  food, 
and  sinks;  and  there  are  many  additional  gas  plates  under 
shelters  in  various  parts  of  the  park.  The  gas  plates  are 
attached  to  meters  which  operate  upon  the  insertion  of  £5 
cents.  This  entitles  the  camper  to  gas  until  ten  the  next 
morning,  when  the  meters  are  reset.  The  revenue  received 
for  this  gas  is  used  toward  the  maintenance  of  the  camp. 

A big  campfire,  for  sociability,  is  an  added 
attraction,  helping  the  campers  get  together  for  an  evening 
of  wholesome  fun.  The  fire  is  in  charge  of  an  attendant, 
to  avoid  the  danger  of  fire  spreading  to  the  heavily 
timbered  hillsides  of  the  park.  Hundreds  of  electric 
lights  are  strung  through  the  trees  and  give  a fairy-like 
aspect.  As  many  campers  have  no  shelters  over  them,  and 
the  lights  would  prevent  sleep,  switches  have  been  installed 
on  trees  so  that  the  campers  themselves  can  turn  out  the 
lights  in  their  own  section  of  the  grounds  as  they  retire. 


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51 


A large  comfort  station  of  the  most  modem  type  is 
provided  in  a central  location,  and  there  are  two  large 
sulphur  baths  and  a natatorium  available,  so  that  ample 
means  for  bathing  are  afforded.  Cement  incinerators  are 
placed  in  handy  spots  for  the  disposition  of  rubbish.  A 
laundry  wagon  calls  every  morning,  with  a one -day  service 
for  those  who  stop  over  and  mail  service  for  the  laundry  of 
those  hurrying  through.  A store  just  outside  the  grounds 
provides  certain  necessaries,  and  milk  is  delivered  by 
dairymen  to  the  campers  direct. 

A commercial  club  secretary  spends  two  or  three  hours 
nightly  greeting  the  campers,  gathering  and  disseminating 
road  information,  and  doing  any  service  he  can. 

A rule  applying  to  most  automobile  camp  sites  is  that 
each  camper  is  given  an  allotted  space.  This  prevents  a 
great  deal  of  trouble,  especially  among  those  campers  who 
would  be  apt  to  take  more  than  their  share  of  room.  A 
certain  area  of  ground  is  marked  by  four  posts,  enough  for 
a car  and  camping  outfit.  This  space  is  numbered,  and  there 
is  a corresponding  number  for  locker  and  gas  plate.  All 
Mr.  Motorist  has  to  do  is  to  drive  up  to  the  entrance,  get 
his  lot  number,  and  set  up  his  camp.  A record  is  usually 
kept  of  the  number  of  persons  in  each  party,  and  the  license 
number  is  entered  on  the  register.  Very  often  this  has 
proved  a valuable  clue  for  the  recovery  of  stolen  cars,  and 
it  also  keeps  a certain  check  on  undesirable  motorists.  It 
has  been  the  means  of  keeping  accurate  statistics  concerning 


5£ 

the  "gypsy  motorists,”  and  especially  from  whence  they 
come.  Every  State  in  the  Union  has  been  represented  at 
most  of  the  camps,  and  foreign  cars  have  been  noted  from 
time  to  time. 

There  is  hardly  a place  in  the  West,  however  small, 
where  some  sort  of  established  camp  site  for  automobile 
tourists  may  not  be  found.  They  are  always  maintained  by 
the  municipality  in  which  they  are  located.  Aside  from 
segregating  the  campers,  they  have  been  found  a very 
profitable  investment  from  a commercial  standpoint.  St. 

Louis,  Denver,  Los  Angeles,  and  many  of  the  large  Western 
cities  have  discovered  that  the  farmer  "gypsy  motorist” 
alone  represents  a huge  purchasing  power.  The  farmer  has 
always  been  a little  embarrassed  and  awed  by  hotels.  With 
the  advent  of  inexpensive  automobiles,  and  the  establishment 
of  camp  sites,  Mr.  Parmer  can  bring  his  camping  outfit  and 
settle  down  in  comfort  for  a couple  of  weeks*,  or  even 
months' , stay;  for  in  most  of  the  camps  there  is  no  time 
limit  set.  Provided  for  in  this  way,  he  usually  takes  the 
opportunity  to  shop  for  his  supplies.  It  is  more  satisfactory 
than  the  old  mail-order  method  of  buying.  It  has  been  found 
that  over  50  per  cent,  of  the  automobile  campers  who  use  the 
sites  are  farmers,  who  spend  thousands  of  dollars  for 
farming  implements , clothing,  and  essentials. 

Apropos  of  this  there  is  an  interesting  story  told  by 
the  head  of  a large  business  in  one  of  the  larger  cities 
east  of  the  Rockies.  He  was  visiting  the  local  camp  site 


53 


one  day,  just  as  an  especially  shabby  Ford  arrived  with  a 
dusty  lot  of  passengers.  They  were  a Kansas  farmer  and  his 
family.  Stopping  to  chat  with  them,  and  through  subsequent 
visits,  he  got  to  Know  them  fairly  well.  As  they  were 
leaving,  two  weeks  later,  this  man  asked  them  casually 
whether  they  had  made  any  purchases  while  in  the  city. 

"Maw  can  tell  you-all  that,"  drawled  Mr*  Kansas  Farmer* 

"She  keeps  the  check  book."  Upon  consulting  "Maw"  he  found 
they  had  spent  nearly  $1900  for  farming  implements  and 
clothes  during  their  stay.  "S*long  we  hain*t  obleeged  to 
stop  in  them  city  hotels,  we* re  a-going  to  make  this  yere 
trip  ev'ry  yea-ar.  Ho  more  buy in1  from  books  when  we  ken 
see  what  we*re  a-gitting. " 

But  the  farmer  is  not  the  only  profitable  tourist. 

One  who  is  even  more  interesting  to  local  communities  is 
the  home -seeker,  and  every  facility  is  provided  to  furnish 
him  with  accurate  information  and  to  make  things  so 
attractive  that  he  will  decide  to  become  a citizen  of  that 
particular  place.  Hundreds  of  towns  in  more  or  less  remote 
districts  owe  their  growth  within  the  past  few  years  to 
these  "immigrants."  They  are  the  modern  pioneers.  Instead 
of  prairie  schooners,  they  come  in  automobiles.  By  being 
allowed  to  use  the  automobile  camp  site  for  a few  weeks, 
the  prospective  settler  is  given  an  opportunity  to  find  a 
job  to  his  liking  and  to  study  the  housing  and  economic 
conditions  of  that  particular  locality.  He  need  make  no 
hasty  decision  as  to  whether  he  wants  to  remain  there  as  a 


♦ 


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54 


permanent  resident. 

There  are  few  regulations  other  than  common  decency 
demands  at  any  of  the  automobile  camp  sites.  Hospitality 
is  the  keynote  of  them  all — -—the  big,  broad,  open-handed 

hospitality  of  the  West and  each  community  vies  with 

the  other  to  give  the  visitor  the  best  possible  impression. 

The  automobile  camp  site  is  a really  wonderful 
development.  Maybe  some  day  even  the  crowded  East  will 
recognize  its  advantages. 


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55 

NOMADS  OF  THE  AUTOMOBILE 

To  be  ”as  happy  as  a tramp"  has  always  signified  a 
oare-free  existence  that  comes  from  companionship  with  the 
great  outdoors  and  from  wandering  dreamily  along  the  open 
road  wherever  fancy  leads.  Most  people  never  had  half  a 
chance  to  experience  it.  They  did  not  know  the  joy  of  the 
traveler  who  lingers  on  his  path  and  pitches  his  tent  by 
night  on  any  spot  that  suits  his  fancy.  Now,  however,  we 
are  told,  one  need  not  envy  the  ragged  vagrant  or  the 
swarthy  people  whose  home  is  a moving  caravan.  Every  one 
who  possesses  a motor  can  have  a moving  caravan  of  his  own 
and  for  as  long  as  he  likes  be  a modern,  care -free  gipsy. 

How  it  can  be  done  is  described  in  detail  by  Elon  Jessup 
in  "The  Motor-Camping  Book"  (G.  P.  Putnam’s  Sons).  For 
many  years  Mr.  Jessup  answered  the  call  of  the  open  road. 

At  first  it  was  simply  touring  on  something  like  a railroad 
schedule,  in  which  the  desire  to  see  the  scenery  was 
swallowed  up  in  the  effort  to  make  hotel  connections  before 
night  came  down  on  a lonely  road.  Hotels  may  be  located  on 
the  open  road,  but  they  are  not  a part  of  it,  says  the 
writer,  and  should  be  left  severely  alone.  This  is  what 
the  gipsying  motorist  does: 

You  take  along  your  own  hotel  and  set  it  up  by  the 


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56 


roadside  wherever  night  overtakes  you.  It  is  the  real 
gipsy  way.  The  motor-car  has  become  a gasoline  caravan. 
Time  and  space  are  at  your  beck  and  call,  your  freedom  is 
complete,  and  the  expense  need  hardly  be  more  than  living 
at  home. 

In  this  motor-camping  we  are  going  the  gipsies  one 
better.  The  mileage  that  can  be  covered  and  the  nooks  and 
corners  of  the  earth  one  can  explore  are  practically  un- 
limited. A cross-continent  tour  from  the  Atlantic  to  the 
Pacific  has  become  an  everyday  occurrence.  What  matters 
if  night  finds  one  in  the  center  of  an  expansive  desert 
many  miles  from  the  nearest  hotel?  In  five  minutes  you 
set  up  a hotel  of  canvas  that  is  much  more  satisfying  than 
any  builded  of  brick  and  stone.  You  discover  wonderful 
byways  which  he  who  travels  by  rail  will  never  know  and 
over  which  the  motorist  who  depends  upon  hotels  dares  not 
venture . 

The  motor-camping  method  of  touring  is  both  the  newest 
and  the  oldest  method  in  the  world.  Altho  one  may  wonder 
at  its  enormous  growth  during  the  past  few  years,  this 
growth  is  not  surprizing  for  the  reason  that  the  idea  is 
based  upon  one  of  the  most  fundamental  instincts  in  the 

world the  gipsy  call  to  the  open  road  and  the  gipsy 

way  of  going.  As  part  of  this  might  be  included  the  wish 
to  get  the  greatest  amount  of  fun  for  the  smallest 
expenditure  of  money. 

Some  motor  tourists  who  continue  to  depend  solely 


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upon  hotels  because  they  are  perfectly  able  to  pay  the  prices 
regard  motor-camping  simply  as  a means  of  saving  money. 

This  is  far  from  being  the  case.  Any  one  noticing  the 
numerous  tent-  and  bed-laden  cars  along  the  open  road  will 
find  that  a considerable  proportion  of  these  are  machines 

of  expensive  manufacture- for  example,  Packards  and 

Pierce -Arrows.  It  is  reasonable  to  suppose  that  their 
owners  are  men  of  some  means.  These  people  realize  that 
to  camp  beside  a trickling  trout  stream,  smoke  their  pipes 
of  peace  before  a glowing  fire,  and  then  roll  in  for  the 
night  to  the  music  of  the  stream  and  woods  is  a privilege 
of  no  small  importance. 

In  regard  to  expense,  it  is  safe  to  say  that  any  one 
who  can  afford  a car  and  a vacation  can  likewise  afford  a 
motor-camping  trip.  With  these  two  requisites  at  your 
disposal,  a trip  of  this  sort  is  the  most  economical  way  in 
which  one  can  go.  There  is  no  other  method  of  travel  where- 
by one  can  cover  great  distances  and  see  such  variety  of 
country  in  a short  time  for  so  small  a money  outlay.  Of 
course,  there  is  the  initial  outlay  for  the  camping  outfit, 
but  this  soon  pays  for  itself  and  is  good  for  several  years. 
If  the  car  is  in  top-notch  shape  before  starting,  the  only 
other  necessary  expenses  are  gasoline,  oil,  and  the  food 
you  eat. 

Indeed,  motor-camping  is  the  only  way  in  which  many 
people  can  afford  to  travel  at  all.  Otherwise,  they  would 
be  forced  to  stay  at  home.  I have  seen  many  instances  of 


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this*  For  example,  I recall  meeting  in  Banff,  Canada,  a 
fanner  with  his  wife  and  five  children  who  were  enjoying 
the  marvels  of  the  Canadian  Bookies,  Their  car  was  a trifle 
rickety  in  spots,  hut  it  had  brought  them  safely  all  the  way 
across  the  broad  Canadian  prairies.  They  had  camped  out 
every  night  and  would  continue  to  do  so  until  their  return. 
This  farmer  explained  to  me: 

"I've  been  wanting  to  bring  my  family  out  and  show  them 
this  country  for  years,  but  I couldn't  stand  the  expense 
until  I got  the  flivver.  Going  this  way  doesn't  cost  much 
more  than  living  at  home." 

This  farmer's  case  was  fairly  typical.  There  were 
fully  twenty-five  more  of  his  sort  in  the  motor-camping 
grounds  at  Banff  who  might  have  made  the  same  reply.  And 
camped  beside  him  in  a tent  attached  to  the  side  of  a high- 
powered,  costly  car  was  an  American  who  I later  learned  was 
rated  at  quite  a few  hundred  thousands  of  dollars  in  the 
banking  circles  of  his  home  State.  This  man  was  equally  as 
typical  of  mot or- camping. 

The  equipment  of  the  gasoline  caravan  is  a real  but 
very  definite  problem.  If  possible  it  should  be  completely 
solved  before  the  start  of  the  trip,  else  troubles  will 
accumulate  along  the  way.  The  need  for  articles  overlooked, 
the  bother  of  unnecessary  things  thrown  in  at  the  last 
moment,  clumsy  packing,  unequal  distribution  of  weight: 
these  and  a dozen  other  petty  annoyances  cropping  up 


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59 


continually  will  greatly  detract  from  the  trip.  One  goes 
camping  to  have  fun,  not  to  be  annoyed.  The  average  motor- 
camper  is  not  a back -woodsman  who,  when  night  overtakes  him, 
sometimes  curls  up  on  the  ground  under  a tree  and  rolls  off 
to  sleep;  and  "roughing  it"  is  not  necessary.  The  motor- 
camper  can,  by  taking  proper  thought,  make  himself  as 
comfortable  as  he  would  be  in  his  own  home.  The  writer 
says: 

Outfitting  for  a motor-camping  trip  is  a matter  which 
requires  suitable  judgment.  Equipment  which  is  suitable  for 
one  car  may  be  totally  inadequate  for  another.  A motor- 
camping outfit  should  be  selected  with  great  care.  A dozen 
and  one  things  must  be  considered:  the  power  and  capacity 

of  the  car,  its  hill-climbing  capabilities,  suitable 
sleeping  arrangements,  running-board  capacity  for  carrying 
duffle;  whether  spare  tires  are  carried  on  side  or  rear, 
proper  distribution  of  weight  so  that  the  strain  on  springs 
will  be  equalized:  these  are  but  a few  of  the  numerous 

items  to  be  considered. 

Sometimes  this  matter  of  selection  takes  years  of 
actual  experience  before  a man  finds  exactly  what  he  needs. 

A short  time  ago  I met  a motor-camper  who  for  three  years 
had  constantly  been  changing  various  details  of  his  outfit. 
He  assured  me  that  at  last  he  had  an  outfit  which  suited 
him  perfectly.  As  he  checked  over  the  list  I realized  that 
there  were  only  a few  items  of  which  I,  for  my  part,  fully 


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60 


approved.  So  there  you  are.  Motor-eamping  is  an  individual 
problem  that  must  be  solved  by  the  individual.  I have 
examined  the  outfits  of  a good  many  different  motor-campers 
on  the  road  and  I have  yet  to  find  two  alike  in  every 
respect.  This  is  as  it  should  be.  There  is  so  much  leeway 
and  flexibility  to  this  kind  of  camping  that  most  hard-and- 
fast  rules  other  than  a man  makes  for  himself  are  out  of  the 
question. 

On  the  other  hand,  there  are  certain  fundamentals  which 
all  outfits  should  have  in  common.  Chief  among  these  is 
compactness.  This  does  not  mean  that  one  sacrifices 
comfort.  Indeed,  quite  the  contrary.  Imagine,  for  example, 
three  cooking-pots  very  nearly  of  the  same  size.  Why  have 
them  take  up  the  space  of  three  when  it  is  just  as  easy  to 
get  a nested  set  in  which  one  pot  fits  inside  of  the  other? 

I have  seen  motor-camping  cars  on  the  road  so  bulging 
with  equipment  that  they  closely  resembled  moving-vans. 

Bulk,  more  than  weight,  has  been  the  main  fault  in  many 
such  instances.  I have  seen  other  oars  carrying  fully  as 
much  weight  and  equipment,  but  the  various  articles  have 
been  selected  wisely  in  respect  to  compactness  and  packing 
ability.  As  a result  of  such  careful  preparation,  all  the 
passengers  in  a car  of  this  sort  are  perfectly  comfortable 
and  the  appearance  of  the  outside  of  the  machine,  except 
for  a few  small,  unobtrusive  bundles,  is  no  different  than 
usual. 

Only  necessities  should  be  included  in  the  outfit 


, 


61 

articles  for  which  there  will  he  definite  use.  I mean  this 
in  a relative  sense.  It  is  easy  enough  to  define  hare 
necessities,  such  as  hed,  blankets,  and  tooth-brush,  hut 
presently  you  come  to  a border-line  across  which  lies  a 
huge  stack  of  articles  which  would  he  mighty  nice  to  have 
along  but  may  not  he  absolutely  essential.  Here  is  where 
good  judgment  comes  in.  Remember  the  mileage  you  will  lug 
these  articles  and  the  number  of  times  they  will  be  packed 
and  unpacked.  There  may  be  a folding  table  or  chair  which 
you  consider  quite  essential  to  camp  comfort;  in  which  case 
it  is  very  likely  worth  while  taking  such  an  article,  pro- 
viding the  burden  of  carrying  it  is  not  too  great. 

When  the  motor-camper  starts  out,  roads  lie  open  in 
all  directions  and  for  thousands  of  miles.  He  may  wander 
from  the  Maine  woods  to  the  Everglades  of  Florida,  from 
Plymouth  Rock  to  *Frisco.  Camp  sites  will  not  be  difficult 
to  find,  particularly  in  the  West,  where  many  cities  afford 
the  motor-tourist  camping-grounds  in  their  city  parks.  For 
the  camper  who  wants  to  see  the  wonders  of  nature  and  the 
fune  scenery  afforded  by  his  own  country  there  are  seventeen 
National  Parks  on  the  mainland  of  the  United  States,  and 
about  150  National  Forests.  And,  says  the  writer  in 
alluring  fashion: 

Both  the  Park  and  Forest  Service  stretch  out  a 
welcoming  hand  to  the  motor-camper.  They  more  than  meet 


62 

you  half-way.  After  all,  they  are  your  parks  and  your 
forests,  and  there  to  be  used  by  you.  Roads  are  being 
steadily  improved,  and  in  many  instances  stone  fireplaces 
and  other  accommodations  have  been  installed  in  suitable 
camping  sites  for  your  special  benefit.  The  Rational  Park 
exists  solely  for  recreational  purposes;  the  Rational 
Forest  is  primarily  a huge  timber  farm,  but  a large  part  of 
its  activities  concern  recreation.  In  both  services  the 
officials  fully  realize  that  the  particular  public  which 
they  are  largely  called  upon  to  serve  is  the  motor-camper. 

They  are  going  out  of  their  way  to  give  satisfaction. 

The  same  rule  applies  in  many  sections  where  huge  wild 
areas  are  administered  by  the  State.  In  Rew  York,  for 
example,  the  State  Conservation  Commission  has  recently 
built  along  the  Adirondack  highways  a great  many  stone 
fireplaces  for  the  special  use  of  motor-campers. 


63 

GIPSYING  DE  LUXE 
By  John  R.  Eustis. 

If  a practice  which  is  steadily  growing  thruout  the 
western  states  continues  to  expand,  then  in  the  not  distant 
future,  camp  sites  will  he  as  much  a part  of  modern  high- 
ways as  are  culverts  and  fences.  To  the  automobile,  of 
course,  is  attributable  the  advent  and  increasing  popular- 
ity of  the  roadside  camping  ground;  or,  perhaps,  to  be  more 
accurate,  it  belongs  to  the  motor  tourists  who  are  display- 
ing nomadic  instincts  worthy  of  real  gipsies. 

Some  of  the  best  automobile  camp  sites  are  those  pro- 
vided and  managed  by  progressive  municipalities  in  the 
West,  altho  there  are  a number  privately  owned  which  make 
moderate  charges  for  camping  privileges.  An  excellent 
example  of  the  former  is  the  camp  at  one  of  the  city  parks 
in  Denver,  which  entertained  as  many  as  four  hundred 
automobile  touring  and  camping  parties  over  a single  night 
last  summer.  The  municipal  camping  ground,  with  such 
conveniences  as  running  water,  electric  lights,  et  cetera, 
is  one  of  the  main  claims  set  forth  by  cities,  towns,  and 
even  by  larger  sections  of  the  West,  in  urging  the  motor 
tourist  to  journey  their  way  and  stop  a while.  That  the 
appeal  is  successful  is  attested  by  the  records  of  the 


64 

Denver  camp  and  by  the  statement  of  the  secretary  of  a 
California  automobile  organization  that  last  year  the 
number  of  motor  camping  tourists,  or  touring  campers  if  you 
will,  journeying  in  the  Pacific  Coast  states  alone  were  to 
be  counted  by  the  thousands.  And  if  this  was  the  case  in 
1918,  when  the  use  of  automobiles  for  such  purposes  was 
restricted,  the  total  for  the  coming  season  should  be  many 
times  greater. 

The  national  parks  of  the  West  are  naturally  on  the 
itinerary  of  all  motorists  whose  tours  take  them  anywhere 
near  one  or  more  of  these  great  public  playgrounds.  As 
might  be  expected  the  motor  gipsy  also  heads  for  these 
wide  expanses  of  public  lands,  and  finds  there  the 
attractions  which  prolong  his  stay  often  over  many  days 
and  nights.  In  the  various  national  parks  are  innumer- 
able camping  sites,  where  the  requisite  running  water, 
firewood  and  shade  abound,  but  many  motorists  prefer  the 
regular  established  camping  grounds. 

A fine  example  of  one  of  these  camps  is  to  be  found 
in  a grove  of  pine  and  cedar  at  the  foot  of  Glacier  Point 
in  Yosemite  Valley,  Yellowstone  National  Park.  In  ad- 
dition to  plots  on  which  tents  can  be  pitched,  there  are 
several  score  bungalows  and  six  hundred  tents,  with  board 
floors.  The  special  features  include  a large  garage, 
swimming  pool  with  bath  houses,  steam  laundry,  auditorium, 
restaurant,  and  a store  where  a wide  variety  of  supplies 
and  equipment  are  to  be  had.  There  are  also  tennis  courts. 


f 


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65 


a baseball  field  and  riding  horses. 

An  indication  of  the  growing  importance  of  the  highway 
camp  site  is  found  in  a recent  bill  of  the  legislature  of 
the  State  of  Washington  which  provides  that  when  large 
tracts  of  state  land  are  sold  to  timber  companies,  that 
reservations  of  five  acres  may  be  retained  where  needed, 
and  converted  into  public  automobile  camping  grounds. 

There  is  also  pending  before  the  legislature  of  the  State 
of  Colorado  a measure  drafted  and  sponsored  by  the  State 
Highway  Commissioner,  which  provides  for  the  creation  of 
public  camping  sites  as  a part  of  highway  development. 

These  provisions  of  this  bill,  known  as  the  Public  Camp 
Site  Bill,  are  of  interest  because  similar  legislation  may 
be  expected  in  many  more  states: 

The  boards  of  county  commissioners  of  the  several 
counties  of  Colorado  are  hereby  empowered  with  the  approval 
of  the  State  Highway  Commission,  to  purchase  parcels  of 
land  to  be  used  as  free  public  camping  grounds,  not  ex- 
ceeding five  acres  in  one  tract,  at  a cost  not  to  exceed 
$100  per  acre,  along  and  contiguous  to  a state  route  or 
highway,  and  pay  for  the  same  from  the  county  road  fund. 

The  boards  of  county  commissioners  before  making  any 
purchase  of  land  under  this  act,  shall  visit  the  proposed 
site  and,  if  a satisfactory  agreement  can  be  made  with  the 
owner  as  to  the  price  and  acreage , a survey  and  plat  shall 
be  made  and  abstract  of  title  secured,  which  shall  be  sub- 


66 


mitted  to  the  county  attorney  for  his  approval.  A full 
statement  concerning  the  proposed  camp  site  shall  be 
forwarded  to  the  State  Highway  Commission,  and  if  the  said 
commission  shall  approve  the  purchase,  it  may  instruct  the 
State  Highway  Commissioner  to  issue  a voucher  on  the  state 
road  fund,  payable  to  the  county  treasurer,  reimbursing 
the  county  to  the  extent  of  50  per  cent  of  the  cost  of 
such  purchase.  No  camp  site  shall  be  purchased  without 
first  securing  the  approval  of  the  State  Highway  Commission. 

In  the  selection  of  camping  sites  the  topography  of 
the  land  must  be  convenient  for  automobiles  and  other 
vehicles,  with  convenient  water  supply,  and,  where  possi- 
ble, shade  trees.  Rules  governing  the  use  of  the  public 
of  such  camping  sites  may  be  agreed  upon  between  the 
boards  of  county  commissioners  and  the  State  Highway 
Commission.  A reasonable  amount  may  be  expended  in 
fencing  where  necessary,  and  otherwise  improving  any  camp 
site  s . 

It  shall  be  a misdemeanor,  subject  to  a fine  not  to 
exceed  $100  for  any  person  to  destroy  any  tree,  deface  any 
natural  object,  or  befoul  any  source  of  water  supply, 
located  on  or  in  any  public  camping  site  as  defined  in 
this  bill. 


The  significant  feature  of  this  bill  as  drawn  is  the 
supervision  if  not  actual  control  placed  in  the  hands  of 
the  state  high?/ay  commission,  thus  ensuring  that  the  camp 


. 


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. .. 


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67 


sites  will  be  an  integral  part  of  the  state  highway  system, 
and  located  to  serve  the  convenience  of  tourists  rather 
than  the  interests  of  various  communities.  Further  it  will 
provide  that  the  sites  be  at  proper  intervals  and  along  the 
routes  which  carry  the  larger  share  of  motor  traffic.  When 
fully  developed  as  a state-wide  system  these  camp  sites 
will  bring  the  motorist  into  many  rural  sections  not  now 
visited  because  of  the  lack  of  adequate  accommodations. 

And  such  visitations  will  benefit  these  backward  communi- 
ties because  the  camping  motorist  travels  independent  of 
hotels  from  choice  and  not  from  financial  necessity. 

In  speaking  on  the  proposed  camp  site  bill  before  a 
legislative  committee  the  State  Highway  Commissioner 
described  what  would  be  the  requisites  of  a public  camp 
site  in  Colorado.  Accessibility  to  the  highway,  running 
water  of  good  quality,  shade,  pleasant  surroundings,  out- 
door stone  ovens,  a convenient  wood  pile,  and  an  open 
shelter  house,  such  as  are  found  on  the  National  Forest 
recreation  grounds,  were  included.  Incidentally  it  seems 
fitting  that  this  first  public  automobile  camp  site 
legislation  should  be  pending  in  Colorado,  because  to  that 
commonwealth  belongs  the  credit  of  originating  the 
automobile  camp. 

Where  does  the  East  stand  in  the  matter  of  providing 
camping  sites  for  western  motorists?  If  there  is  anything 
east  of  the  Mississippi  at  all  comparable  with  the 
automobile  camps  of  the  West,  both  municipal  and  private. 


. 


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68 

knowledge  of  it  has  been  carefully  concealed.  The  manager 
of  a motor  touring  bureau  in  New  York  City  has  in  the  past 
few  weeks  received  requests  from  three  western  motorists 
for  information  concemir]g  camping  sites  in  close  proximity 
to  this  city.  He  was  forced  to  answer  that  there  were  none. 
The  big  eastern  cities  are  naturally  the  goal  of  the 
thousands  of  western  motorists  who  have  acquired  the  tour- 
ing and  camping  habit,  as  soon  as  their  routes  lead  them 
to  the  Atlantic  seaboard.  It  would  be  a display  of 
hospitality  if  not  of  good  business  judgment,  to  make  some 
provision  for  them. 


INDEX  TO  CAMP  SITES 


ALABAMA 

CALIFORNIA 

(Continued) 

Albany 

Anderson 

Athens 

Arbuckle 

Birmingham 

Areata 

Brundige 

Arroyo  Grande 

Cal era 

Atascadero 

Clanton 

Auburn 

Cullman 

Bakersfield 

De  catur 

Bar stow 

Dothan 

Beaumont 

Montgomery 

Benicia 

Ozark 

Bishop 

Thorsby 

Blythe 

Brentwood 

ARIZONA 

Buena  Park 
Calistoga 

Grand  Canyon 

Ceres 

Phoenix 

Chico 

Chino 

CALIFORNIA 

Chula  Vista 
Cloverdale 

Alhambra 

Clovis 

Alturas 

Coachella 

Anaheim 

Coalinga 

• ■ 


' 


. 


California 
( Continued) 

Colfax 

Colusa 

Corning 

Corona 

Covina 

Crescent  City 

Daly  City 

Davis 

Delano 

Dunsmuir 

Dutch  Flat 

Dyerville 

East  San  Diego 

El  Centro 

El  Sinore 

Escondido 

Etna 

Eureka 

Exeter 

Fairfield 

Fallbrook 

Ferndale 

Fortuna 

Fowler 

Fresno 


70 

CALIFORNIA 

(Continued) 

Fullerton 

Gen.  Grant  Nat.  Pk. 

Gilroy 

Glendale 

Glendora 

Gridley 

Ealf  Moon  Bay 

Hayward 

Healdsburg 

Hollister 

Eoltville 

Hornbrook 

Hornitos 

Huntington  Beach 

Independence 

Jackson 

Kelseyville 

Kennett 

King  City 

Lakeport 

Lancaster 

La  Verne 

Lindsay 

Livermore 

Lodi 


, 


■ 


' 


CALIFORNIA 

(Continued) 

CALIFORNIA 

(Continued) 

Long  Beach 

Porterville 

Los  Angeles 

Quincy 

Los  Gatos 

Red  Bluff 

Lower  Lake 

Redding 

Loyal ton 

Redlands 

Madera 

Redonda  Beach 

Marysville 

Reedy 

Mayfield 

Rialto 

Merced 

Riverside 

Monterey 

Rocklin 

Morrow  Cove 

Roseville 

Rapa 

Sacramento 

Nevada  City 

St . Helena 

Newport  Beach 

Salinas 

Oakdale 

San  Bernardino 

Orland 

San  Diego 

Oroville 

San  Fernando 

Pacific  Grove 

San  Gabriel 

Palo  Alto 

San  Jacinto 

Pasadena 

San  Jose 

Paso  Robles 

San  Luis  Obispo 

Petaluma 

San  Rafael 

Placerville 

Santa  Ana 

Pleasanton 

Santa  Barbara 

Pomona 


Santa  Clara 


^ *■  ^ •( 


. 


‘ 


CALIFORNIA 
( Continued) 

CALIFORNIA 
( Continued) 

Santa  Cruz 

Willow 

Santa  liar i a 

Woodland 

Santa  Monica 

Yosemite  Nat'l  Pk. 

Santa  Rosa 

Yreka 

Sebastopol 


Sequoia  Nat’l  Pk. 

COLORADO 

Sisson 


Sonoma 

Arriba 

Sonora 

Boulder 

Stockton 

Buena  Vista 

Susanville 

Burlington 

Tracy 

Colorado  Springs 

Trinity  Center 

Denver 

Tulare 

Flagler 

Turlock 

Fowler 

Uklah 

Glenwood  Springs 

Vacaville 

Leadville 

Ventura 

Manitou 

Visalia 

Mat he son 

Watsonville 

Pueblo 

Weave rvi lie 

Ramah 

Westwood 

Rocky  Ford 

Wittier 

Woodland  Park 

Williams 


Will its 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA 
( Continued) 


GEORGIA 

(Continued) 


Washington 

FLORIDA 

Bradentown 

Campbellton 

Deland 

Eustis 

Fort  Lauderdale 

Fort  Myers 

Gainesville 

Jacksonville 

Lakeland 

Marianna 

Orlando 

Pensacola 

St*  Augustine 

Sarastota 

Tampa 

West  Palm  Beach 

GEORGIA 

Atlanta 

Barnesville 


Calhoun 

Savannah 

Vidalia 

IDAHO 

Boise 

Bonners  Ferry 
Coeur  d'Alene 
Harrison 
Hope 

Idaho  Falls 

Kellogg 

Lewiston 

Mullan 

Pocatello 

Sandpoint 

Twin  Falls 

Wallace 

ILLINOIS 

Chicago 
Decatur 
El  Paso 


' 

*: 


■ ■ 


’ 


' 


\ 


ILLINOIS 
( Continued) 

INDIANA 

(Continued) 

Griggsville 

Knox 

Hammond 

Lebanon 

Hume 

McCormick’s  Crk.  Canon 

Jacksonville 

Middle fork 

Mason  City 

Oxford 

Mattoon 

Pendleton 

Mechanicsburg 

Plymouth 

New  Berlin 

Richmond 

Newman 

Turkey  Run  State  Park 

Springfield 

Vinegar  Mills 
Warsaw 

INDIANA 

Wolcott 

Atwood 

IOWA 

Clifty  Palls 


Columbus 

Akron 

Covington 

Charles  City 

Crawfordsville 

Chats worth 

Etna  Green 

Council  Bluffs 

Port  Wayne 

Davis  City 

Franklin 

Grinnell 

Gary 

Hawarden 

Goshen 

Indianola 

Hamlet 

Iowa  City 

Hobart 

Iowa  Palls 

B <• 

! 


; 


, 

. 

• ' 


75  ' 

IOWA 

KANSAS 

(Continued) 

( Continued) 

Le  Grand e 

Hanover 

Leon 

Hiawatha 

Little  Sioux 

Highland 

Mason  City 

Kano rad o 

i 

Missouri  Valley 

Lindsborg 

Mondamin 

McPherson 

Mt.  Pleasant 

Marysville 

Nevada 

Minneapolis 

Onowa 

Mound  City 

Salix 

Moundridge 

Sioux  City 

Newton 

Sloan 

Osawatomie 

Westfield 

Oswego 

Whiting 

Sabetha 

Salina 

KANSAS 

Scandia 

Seneca 

Almena 

Smith  Center 

Belleville 

South  Haven 

Brewster 

Troy 

Caldwell 

Washington 

Clayton 

Wellington 

Conoordia 

Wichita 

Fairview 

Goodland 

KENTUCKY 

' 


76 

KENTUCKY 

MICHIGAN 

(Continued) 

(Continued) 

Louisville 

Boyne  City 

Mount  Vernon 

Cadillac 

Cheboygan 

• 

LOUISIANA 

Co Id water 

East  Tawas 

Baton  Rouge 

East  Texas 

Shreveport 

Flint 

Gladwin 

MAINE 

Glenn  Haven 

Grand  Haven 

Augusta 

Grand  Rapids 

Lake  Cobosseecontee 

Grayling 

Lewiston 

Harrison 

Harrisville 

MASSACHUSETTS 

Hart 

Indian  River 

Northhampton 

Interloohen 

Springfield 

Iron  River 

Kalamazoo 

MICHIGAN 

Manistee 

Marine  City 

Adrian 

Menominee 

Allegan 

Onaway 

Battle  Creek 

Ontonagon 

Bay  City 

Otsego 

• . 


■ 


■ 


77  1 

MICHIGAN 

(Continued) 

MINNESOTA 

(Continued) 

Paw  Paw 

little  Falls 

Pentwater 

Minneapolis 

Plainwell 

Montevideo 

Posen 

Norwood 

Traverse  City 

Ortonville 

Vicksburg 

Osseo 

White  Cloud 

Owatonna 

Red  Lake  Falls 

MINNESOTA 

Red  Wing 

Renville 

Alexandria 

Rochester 

Anoka 

St.  Cloud 

Appleton 

St.  Joseph 

Austin 

St.  Paul 

Bagley 

Sauk  Rapids 

Barnesville 

Thief  River  Falls 

Bemidgi 

Trail 

Carthage 

Wabasha 

Champlin 

Waconia 

Elk  River 

Wadena 

Excelsior 

Wegdahl 

Fairbault 

Wells 

Fergus  Falls 

Winona 

Gully 

Hector 

MISSOURI 

78 


MISSOURI 

(Continued) 

MONTANA 

Anaconda 

Bethany 

Armington 

Bevier 

Baker 

Breckenridge 

Belt 

Brookfield 

Benchland 

Bucklin 

Big  Timber 

Cameron 

Billings 

Carterville 

Bole 

Carthage 

Bonita 

Chillicothe 

Bozeman 

Clarence 

Browning 

Eagle vi lie 

Butte 

Excelsior  Springs 

Bynum 

Hannibal 

Choteau 

Kansas  City 

Clarks fork 

Laclede 

C olumbus 

Macon 

Crow  Agency 

Meadville 

Leer  Lodge 

Monroe  City 

Drummond 

Moore sville 

Bupuyer 

Nevada 

Fairfield 

Osborn 

Fallon 

St.  Joseph 

Forsyth 

Shelbina 

Frenchtown 

Stanberry 

Geyser 

Stewartsville 

Glacier  Nat*l  Park 

• 

; 

J.  ' 

■j‘ 

. 

' ' • 

MONTANA 

(Continued) 

MONTANA 

( Continued) 

Glendive 

Raynesford 

Grass  Range 

Rochester 

Great  Ralls 

Ronan 

Hardin 

Rosebud 

Harrison 

Roundup 

Helena 

St.  Ignatius 

Hobson 

St.  Joseph 

Hysham 

St.  Regis 

Ismay 

Saltese 

Kalispell 

Stanford 

Laurel 

Superior 

Lewiston 

Terry 

Libby 

Three  Porks 

Livingston 

Thompson  Palls 

Lodge  Grass 

Troy 

Mason  City 

Westmore 

Mildred 

Whitehall 

Miles  City 

Wibaux 

Missoula 

Willow  Creek 

Moccasin 

Windham 

Moore 

Phllipsburg 

Wyola 

Plevna 

Poison 

NEBRASKA 

Ravalli 

Bruning 

NEBRASKA. 

( Continued) 

NEW  MEXICO 

Chester 

Columbus 

Albuquerque 

Fairmont 

Fremont 

NEW  YORK 

Geneva 

Dunkirk 

Hebron 

Hancock 

Lincoln 

Lake  George 

Madison 

Norfolk 

Oneonta 

Omaha 

Osceola 

NORTH  CAROLINA 

Stromsberg 

Hamlet 

NEVADA 

NORTH  DAKOTA 

Carson  City 

Almont 

Elko 

Abercrombie 

Lovelock 

Beach 

Reno 

Bismarck 

Winnemueca 

Bowman 

Bucyrus 


NEW  JERSEY 

Buffalo  Springs 

Cleveland 


Newark 

Dawson 

Dickinson 


81 


NORTH  DAKOTA  NORTH  DAKOTA 

(Continued)  (Continued) 


Fargo 

Tioga 

Gascoyne 

Valley  City 

Gladstone 

Wahpeton 

Glen  Ullin 

Grafton 

OHIO 

Grand  Forks 

Hankins on 

Bryan 

Haynes 

Columbus 

Hillsboro 

Dayton 

Jamestown 

East  Conneaut 

Killdeer 

lima 

Lisbon 

Springfield 

McKenzie 

Mandan 

OKLAHOMA 

Marmarth 

Me  dina 

Ardmore 

Medora 

Atoka 

Menoken 

Cache 

Minot 

Chickasha 

New  Salem 

Comanche 

Pembina 

Dover 

Rhame 

Duncan 

Steele 

El  Reno 

Sterling 

Enid 

Taylor 

Guymon 

' 


» 1 


. 

4 


82 


OKLAHOMA 

(Continued) 

OREGON 

(Continued) 

Hammon 

Corvallis 

Hennessey 

Cottage  Grove 

Kingfisher 

Crater  Lake  Nat'l  Park 

McAlester 

Balias 

Muskogee 

Enterprise 

Oklahoma  City 

Eugene 

Pond  Creek 

Freewater 

Pryor 

Grants  Pass 

Snyder 

Hood  River 

Strong  City 

Huntington 

Terral 

Independent 

Tulsa 

Klamath  Falls 

Vinita 

Le  Grande 

Welch 

Lakeview 

McMinnville 

OREGON 

Marshfield 
Me dford 

Albany 

Merlin 

Arlington 

Myrtle  Point 

Ashland 

Newberg 

Astoria 

North  Bend 

Baker 

Ontario 

Bend 

Oregon  City 

Brownsville 

Pendleton 

Burns 

Portland 

OREGON 

( Continued ) 

SOUTH  DAKOTA 
(Continued) 

Prineville 

Glenham 

Roseburg 

Groton 

St.  Paul 

Hudson 

Salem 

Huron 

Seaside 

Ipswich 

The  Dalles 

Java 

Umatilla 

Kodoka 

Kennebec 

SOUTH  DAKOTA 

Kimball 

Lemmon 

Aberdeen 

McLaughlin 

Alexandria 

Madison 

Andover 

Marvin 

Arlington 

Millbank 

Big  Stone  City 

Mitchell 

Bowdle 

Mount  Vernon 

Bridgewater 

Mur  do 

Bristol 

New  Underwood 

Canton 

Oacoma 

Chamberlin 

Piedmont 

Cottonwood 

Plankinton 

Craven 

Presho 

Crystal  Cave 

Pukwana 

Emery 

Quinn 

Eairview 

Rapid  City 

‘ 

• 

• 

• • 

. 

SOUTH  DAKOTA 
(Continued) 

TEXAS 

Reliance 

Austin 

Salem 

Canadian 

Sioux  Falls 

Cleburne 

Sisseton 

Clifton 

Spearfish 

Conroe 

Sturgis 

Corsicana 

Summit 

Dallas 

Thunder  Hawk 

Denison 

Twin  Brooks 

El  Paso 

Vivian 

Fort  Worth 

Wall 

Houston 

Wasta 

Marlin 

Watauga 

Marshall 

Watertown 

Meridian 

Waubay 

Mt.  Pleasant 

Webster 

Pittsburg 

White  Lake 

Port  Arthur 

White wood 

Sanger 

Yankton 

Sherman 

Sulphur  Springs 


TEHEES SEE 

Valley  Mills 

Waco 


Chattanooga 

Walnut  Springs 

Columbia 

Wichita  Falls 

Pulaski 

Wolfe  City 

■ ’ ' 


' ' 


UTAH 

WASHINGTON 

(Continued) 

Cisco 

Coulee  City 

Green  River 

Davenport 

Provo 

Dayton 

Salt  Lake  City 

Easton 

Ellensburg 

VERMONT 

Garfield 

Goldendale 

East  Hardwick 

Grandview 

Hoquiam 

VIRGINIA 

Kelso 

Kirkland 

Endless  Caverns 

Lake  Keechelus 

Richmond 

Mount  Ranier  Natfl  Pk 
Mount  Vernon 

WASHINGTON 

Newport 
North  Beach 

Almira 

Okanogan 

Bellingham 

Olympia 

Burbank 

Pasco 

Cashme re 

Prosser 

Castle  Rock 

Richland 

Centralia 

Ritzville 

Chehalis 

Rosalia 

Cheney 

Seattle 

Cle  Elum 

Snoqualmie 

' 


86 


WASHINGTON 

( Continued) 

South  Bend 

Spokane 

Sprague 

Tacoma 

Tenino 

Touche t 

Vancouver 

Walla  Walla 

Waterville 

Wenatchee 

Wilbur 

Yakima 

WISCONSIN 

Abbotsford 

Amherst  Junction 

Baldwin 

Chippew  Falls 

Cudahy 

Eau  Claire 

Elroy 

Fond  du  Lac 

Fremont 

Hudson 


WISCONSIN 
( Continued) 

Madison 

Medina 

Menomonee  Falls 

Menomonie 

Milwaukee 

Racine 

Stanley 

Weyauwega 

WYOMING 

Arvada 

Basin 

Carlisle 

Casper 

Che  yenne 

Clearmont 

Cody 

Devils  Tower 

Gillette 

Greybull 

Moorcroft 

Parkman 

Ranchester 

Sheriden 


87 


WYOMING 

(Continued) 

Shoshoni 

Sundanoe 

Thermopolis 

Wheatland 

Worland 

Yellowstone  Nat1!  Park 


88 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

"Automobile  Camp  Sites  and  the  Gypsy  Motorist",  by  M.  A. 

Salomon.  Review  of  Reviews;  May,  1921;  pages  529  - 532. 
"Camp  Sites  Along  Western  Highways  Eor  Gypsy  Motorists",  by 

A.  G.  Vestal.  Illustrated  World;  July,  1921;  pages  801  - 
803. 

"Hew  Hospitality",  by  R.  H.  Porter.  Scribners;  June,  1921; 
pages  735  - 740. 

"Hornads  of  the  Automobile".  Literary  Digest;  April  30,  1921; 
pages  40  - 43. 

"Rolling  Vacations",  by  G.  W.  Sutton.  Colliers;  August  6, 
1921;  page  13. 

"Hew  Homads",  by  P.  M.  Bush,  Jr.  Weekly  Review;  August  27, 
1921;  pages  189  - 190. 

"And  A Big  Can  Of  Water",  by  H.  E.  Baker.  Outing;  May,  1921; 
pages  66  - 68. 

"Camping  With  An  Automobile",  by  L.  A.  Orr.  Industrial  Arts 
Magazine;  June,  1921;  pages  226  - 227. 

"Tenting  On  The  Hew  Camp  Ground",  by  W.  P.  Eaton.  Hation; 

September  14,  1921;  page  287. 

"America:  Touring  Ground  Of  The  World",  by  A.  Johnston. 

Country  Life;  Jan.  1920;  pages  25  - 34. 

"Around  A City  Camp  Eire;  How  Los  Angeles  Has  Made  A Mountain 

Into  A Municipal  Utility",  by  B.  D.  Stoddart.  Survey; 
August  2,  1919;  pages  648  - 651. 


89 


"Cold  Comfort",  by  I1.  A.  Waugh.  Independent;  Jan.  11,  1919; 
pages  58  - 59. 

"Gipsying  De  luxe",  by  J.  R.  Eustis.  Independent;  May  3,  1919; 
pages  184  - 185. 

"Camping  And  The  Motor  Car",  by  A.  Ovington.  Outlook;  June  12, 
1918;  pages  274  - 276. 

"On  The  Trail  Of  The  Motor  Gypsies",  by  A.  G.  Vestal. 
Illustrated  World;  August,  1918;  pages  840  - 843. 

"Public  Health  And  Vacation  Encampments  In  The  Palisades 

Interstate  Park",  by  E.  F.  Brown.  American;  July,  1917; 
pages  51  - 55. 

"Town  Camp  For  Motor  Tourists."  Survey;  Nov.  27,  1917;  page 
204. 

"American  Automobile  Ass’n  Motor  Manual." 

"The  Alleghany  State  Parks",  by  Prof.  H.  K.  Francis, 

Syracuse  University. 

Dept,  of  Agriculture  Forest  Service,  Washington,  P.  C. 

Motor  life,  March,  1922. 


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